Survey research is one of the most important areas of measurement in applied social research. The broad area of survey research encompasses any measurement procedures that involve asking questions of respondents. A "survey" can be anything form a short paper-and-pencil feedback form to an intensive one-on-one in-depth interview.
We'll begin by looking at the different types of surveys that are possible. These are roughly divided into two broad areas: Questionnaires and Interviews. Next, we'll look at how you select the survey method that is best for your situation. Once you've selected the survey method, you have to construct the survey itself. Here, we will be address a number of issues including: the different types of questions; decisions about question content; decisions about question wording; decisions about response format; and, question placement and sequence in your instrument. We turn next to some of the special issues involved in administering a personal interview. Finally, we'll consider some of the advantages and disadvantages of survey methods.
Types of Surveys
Surveys can be divided into two broad categories: the questionnaire and the interview. Questionnaires are usually paper-and-pencil instruments that the respondent completes. Interviews are completed by the interviewer based on the respondent says. Sometimes, it's hard to tell the difference between a questionnaire and an interview. For instance, some people think that questionnaires always ask short closed-ended questions while interviews always ask broad open-ended ones. But you will see questionnaires with open-ended questions (although they do tend to be shorter than in interviews) and there will often be a series of closed-ended questions asked in an interview.
Survey research has changed dramatically in the last ten years. We have automated telephone surveys that use random dialing methods. There are computerized kiosks in public places that allows people to ask for input. A whole new variation of group interview has evolved as focus group methodology. Increasingly, survey research is tightly integrated with the delivery of service. Your hotel room has a survey on the desk. Your waiter presents a short customer satisfaction survey with your check. You get a call for an interview several days after your last call to a computer company for technical assistance. You're asked to complete a short survey when you visit a web site. Here, I'll describe the major types of questionnaires and interviews, keeping in mind that technology is leading to rapid evolution of methods. We'll discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of these different survey types in Advantages and Disadvantages of Survey Methods.
Questionnaires
When most people think of questionnaires, they think of the mail survey. All of us have, at one time or another, received a questionnaire in the mail. There are many advantages to mail surveys. They are relatively inexpensive to administer. You can send the exact same instrument to a wide number of people. They allow the respondent to fill it out at their own convenience. But there are some disadvantages as well. Response rates from mail surveys are often very low. And, mail questionnaires are not the best vehicles for asking for detailed written responses.
A second type is the group administered questionnaire. A sample of respondents is brought together and asked to respond to a structured sequence of questions. Traditionally, questionnaires were administered in group settings for convenience. The researcher could give the questionnaire to those who were present and be fairly sure that there would be a high response rate. If the respondents were unclear about the meaning of a question they could ask for clarification. And, there were often organizational settings where it was relatively easy to assemble the group (in a company or business, for instance).
What's the difference between a group administered questionnaire and a group interview or focus group? In the group administered questionnaire, each respondent is handed an instrument and asked to complete it while in the room. Each respondent completes an instrument. In the group interview or focus group, the interviewer facilitates the session. People work as a group, listening to each other's comments and answering the questions. Someone takes notes for the entire group -- people don't complete an interview individually.
A less familiar type of questionnaire is the household drop-off survey. In this approach, a researcher goes to the respondent's home or business and hands the respondent the instrument. In some cases, the respondent is asked to mail it back or the interview returns to pick it up. This approach attempts to blend the advantages of the mail survey and the group administered questionnaire. Like the mail survey, the respondent can work on the instrument in private, when it's convenient. Like the group administered questionnaire, the interviewer makes personal contact with the respondent -- they don't just send an impersonal survey instrument. And, the respondent can ask questions about the study and get clarification on what is to be done. Generally, this would be expected to increase the percent of people who are willing to respond.
Interviews
Interviews are a far more personal form of research than questionnaires. In the personal interview, the interviewer works directly with the respondent. Unlike with mail surveys, the interviewer has the opportunity to probe or ask follow-up questions. And, interviews are generally easier for the respondent, especially if what is sought is opinions or impressions. Interviews can be very time consuming and they are resource intensive. The interviewer is considered a part of the measurement instrument and interviewers have to be well trained in how to respond to any contingency.
Almost everyone is familiar with the telephone interview. Telephone interviews enable a researcher to gather information rapidly. Most of the major public opinion polls that are reported were based on telephone interviews. Like personal interviews, they allow for some personal contact between the interviewer and the respondent. And, they allow the interviewer to ask follow-up questions. But they also have some major disadvantages. Many people don't have publicly-listed telephone numbers. Some don't have telephones. People often don't like the intrusion of a call to their homes. And, telephone interviews have to be relatively short or people will feel imposed upon.
Selecting the Survey Method
Selecting the type of survey you are going to use is one of the most critical decisions in many social research contexts. You'll see that there are very few simple rules that will make the decision for you -- you have to use your judgment to balance the advantages and disadvantages of different survey types. Here, all I want to do is give you a number of questions you might ask that can help guide your decision.
Population Issues
The first set of considerations have to do with the population and its accessibility.
• Can the population be enumerated?
For some populations, you have a complete listing of the units that will be sampled. For others, such a list is difficult or impossible to compile. For instance, there are complete listings of registered voters or person with active drivers licenses. But no one keeps a complete list of homeless people. If you are doing a study that requires input from homeless persons, you are very likely going to need to go and find the respondents personally. In such contexts, you can pretty much rule out the idea of mail surveys or telephone interviews.
• Is the population literate?
Questionnaires require that your respondents can read. While this might seem initially like a reasonable assumption for many adult populations, we know from recent research that the instance of adult illiteracy is alarmingly high. And, even if your respondents can read to some degree, your questionnaire may contain difficult or technical vocabulary. Clearly, there are some populations that you would expect to be illiterate. Young children would not be good targets for questionnaires.
• Are there language issues?
We live in a multilingual world. Virtually every society has members who speak other than the predominant language. Some countries (like Canada) are officially multilingual. And, our increasingly global economy requires us to do research that spans countries and language groups. Can you produce multiple versions of your questionnaire? For mail instruments, can you know in advance the language your respondent speaks, or do you send multiple translations of your instrument? Can you be confident that important connotations in your instrument are not culturally specific? Could some of the important nuances get lost in the process of translating your questions?
• Will the population cooperate?
People who do research on immigration issues have a difficult methodological problem. They often need to speak with undocumented immigrants or people who may be able to identify others who are. Why would we expect those respondents to cooperate? Although the researcher may mean no harm, the respondents are at considerable risk legally if information they divulge should get into the hand of the authorities. The same can be said for any target group that is engaging in illegal or unpopular activities.
• What are the geographic restrictions?
Is your population of interest dispersed over too broad a geographic range for you to study feasibly with a personal interview? It may be possible for you to send a mail instrument to a nationwide sample. You may be able to conduct phone interviews with them. But it will almost certainly be less feasible to do research that requires interviewers to visit directly with respondents if they are widely dispersed.
Sampling Issues
The sample is the actual group you will have to contact in some way. There are several important sampling issues you need to consider when doing survey research.
• What data is available?
What information do you have about your sample? Do you know their current addresses? Their current phone numbers? Are your contact lists up to date?
• Can respondents be found?
Can your respondents be located? Some people are very busy. Some travel a lot. Some work the night shift. Even if you have an accurate phone or address, you may not be able to locate or make contact with your sample.
• Who is the respondent?
Who is the respondent in your study? Let's say you draw a sample of households in a small city. A household is not a respondent. Do you want to interview a specific individual? Do you want to talk only to the "head of household" (and how is that person defined)? Are you willing to talk to any member of the household? Do you state that you will speak to the first adult member of the household who opens the door? What if that person is unwilling to be interviewed but someone else in the house is willing? How do you deal with multi-family households? Similar problems arise when you sample groups, agencies, or companies. Can you survey any member of the organization? Or, do you only want to speak to the Director of Human Resources? What if the person you would like to interview is unwilling or unable to participate? Do you use another member of the organization?
• Can all members of population be sampled?
If you have an incomplete list of the population (i.e., sampling frame) you may not be able to sample every member of the population. Lists of various groups are extremely hard to keep up to date. People move or change their names. Even though they are on your sampling frame listing, you may not be able to get to them. And, it's possible they are not even on the list.
• Are response rates likely to be a problem?
Even if you are able to solve all of the other population and sampling problems, you still have to deal with the issue of response rates. Some members of your sample will simply refuse to respond. Others have the best of intentions, but can't seem to find the time to send in your questionnaire by the due date. Still others misplace the instrument or forget about the appointment for an interview. Low response rates are among the most difficult of problems in survey research. They can ruin an otherwise well-designed survey effort.
Question Issues
Sometimes the nature of what you want to ask respondents will determine the type of survey you select.
• What types of questions can be asked?
Are you going to be asking personal questions? Are you going to need to get lots of detail in the responses? Can you anticipate the most frequent or important types of responses and develop reasonable closed-ended questions?
• How complex will the questions be?
Sometimes you are dealing with a complex subject or topic. The questions you want to ask are going to have multiple parts. You may need to branch to sub-questions.
• Will screening questions be needed?
A screening question may be needed to determine whether the respondent is qualified to answer your question of interest. For instance, you wouldn't want to ask someone their opinions about a specific computer program without first "screening" them to find out whether they have any experience using the program. Sometimes you have to screen on several variables (e.g., age, gender, experience). The more complicated the screening, the less likely it is that you can rely on paper-and-pencil instruments without confusing the respondent.
• Can question sequence be controlled?
Is your survey one where you can construct in advance a reasonable sequence of questions? Or, are you doing an initial exploratory study where you may need to ask lots of follow-up questions that you can't easily anticipate?
• Will lengthy questions be asked?
If your subject matter is complicated, you may need to give the respondent some detailed background for a question. Can you reasonably expect your respondent to sit still long enough in a phone interview to ask your question?
• Will long response scales be used?
If you are asking people about the different computer equipment they use, you may have to have a lengthy response list (CD-ROM drive, floppy drive, mouse, touch pad, modem, network connection, external speakers, etc.). Clearly, it may be difficult to ask about each of these in a short phone interview.
Content Issues
The content of your study can also pose challenges for the different survey types you might utilize.
• Can the respondents be expected to know about the issue?
If the respondent does not keep up with the news (e.g., by reading the newspaper, watching television news, or talking with others), they may not even know about the news issue you want to ask them about. Or, if you want to do a study of family finances and you are talking to the spouse who doesn't pay the bills on a regular basis, they may not have the information to answer your questions.
• Will respondent need to consult records?
Even if the respondent understands what you're asking about, you may need to allow them to consult their records in order to get an accurate answer. For instance, if you ask them how much money they spent on food in the past month, they may need to look up their personal check and credit card records. In this case, you don't want to be involved in an interview where they would have to go look things up while they keep you waiting (they wouldn't be comfortable with that).
Bias Issues
People come to the research endeavor with their own sets of biases and prejudices. Sometimes, these biases will be less of a problem with certain types of survey approaches.
• Can social desirability be avoided?
Respondents generally want to "look good" in the eyes of others. None of us likes to look like we don't know an answer. We don't want to say anything that would be embarrassing. If you ask people about information that may put them in this kind of position, they may not tell you the truth, or they may "spin" the response so that it makes them look better. This may be more of a problem in an interview situation where they are face-to face or on the phone with a live interviewer.
• Can interviewer distortion and subversion be controlled?
Interviewers may distort an interview as well. They may not ask questions that make them uncomfortable. They may not listen carefully to respondents on topics for which they have strong opinions. They may make the judgment that they already know what the respondent would say to a question based on their prior responses, even though that may not be true.
• Can false respondents be avoided?
With mail surveys it may be difficult to know who actually responded. Did the head of household complete the survey or someone else? Did the CEO actually give the responses or instead pass the task off to a subordinate? Is the person you're speaking with on the phone actually who they say they are? At least with personal interviews, you have a reasonable chance of knowing who you are speaking with. In mail surveys or phone interviews, this may not be the case.
Administrative Issues
Last, but certainly not least, you have to consider the feasibility of the survey method for your study.
• costs
Cost is often the major determining factor in selecting survey type. You might prefer to do personal interviews, but can't justify the high cost of training and paying for the interviewers. You may prefer to send out an extensive mailing but can't afford the postage to do so.
• facilities
Do you have the facilities (or access to them) to process and manage your study? In phone interviews, do you have well-equipped phone surveying facilities? For focus groups, do you have a comfortable and accessible room to host the group? Do you have the equipment needed to record and transcribe responses?
• time
Some types of surveys take longer than others. Do you need responses immediately (as in an overnight public opinion poll)? Have you budgeted enough time for your study to send out mail surveys and follow-up reminders, and to get the responses back by mail? Have you allowed for enough time to get enough personal interviews to justify that approach?
• personnel
Different types of surveys make different demands of personnel. Interviews require interviewers who are motivated and well-trained. Group administered surveys require people who are trained in group facilitation. Some studies may be in a technical area that requires some degree of expertise in the interviewer.
Clearly, there are lots of issues to consider when you are selecting which type of survey you wish to use in your study. And there is no clear and easy way to make this decision in many contexts. There may not be one approach which is clearly the best. You may have to make tradeoffs of advantages and disadvantages. There is judgment involved. Two expert researchers may, for the very same problem or issue, select entirely different survey methods. But, if you select a method that isn't appropriate or doesn't fit the context, you can doom a study before you even begin designing the instruments or questions themselves
Thursday, January 31, 2008
Thursday, January 24, 2008
Approved 2nd Draft: Eating Junk Foods
Denny Donman Jr.
Xandro Paulo
Grace Bangcoyo
Christine Reble
I.Project Title
The Performance of SMC HRM Students of Eating Junk Foods….Since you have no accurate data re number of students eating junk foods, I suggest you compare the performance of the non-eater and eater.
II. Abstract
Studies have shown that students are heavily influenced by food advertising and promotions. In many cases, those unhealthy foods have been promoted wisely that it appears to be good for heath and wellness despite the facts that it affects performance, study habit, relationship with the family, health and even death. Junk food is a term describing foods that are classified as unhealthy and/or having poor nutritional value. This study proposed to determine the number of students who are fun in eating junk foods including their daily consumption. It aims to identify the relationship of junk foods to the performance of the students as indicated by their grade point average, study habit, relationship with the family, and their health. Although, the proposed study is not relatively new, the researchers proposed to conduct and validate the theory at the local setting. The study will help students minimize, refrain, or quit from eating junk food.
II.Project Description
Purpose
This will be a comparative study showing the relationship of junk foods to grade point average, study habit, relationship with the family, and health of the St. Michael’s College Students. Furthermore, the proposed study is interested in knowing the factors influencing the junk food eaters to eat such foods.
It is very essential for a person to know and understand the effect of all packed and preserved foods and the benefit of all natural foods like fruits and vegetables. Although the upbringing of the parents to their children, lifestyle, influenced of peers, friends, televisions, and mags are acceptable factors in the performance of a student in school, the study is limited to determine the possible link of junk foods to the mention variables.
Significance
As observed, college students of St. Michael’s College tends to become a junk food addict.
Working in this particular field, although the topic is related to healthcare, eating lifestyle has became an important areas in the Tourism and Hospitality industries. It is the researchers aim to provide healthy lifestyle for the researchers’ target customers.
History
The research reviews the effect of eating junk foods. Some researchers explained that junk food is being consumed by students in record quantities.
“Junk Food” is food which traditionally has no nutritional value. It deprives the body necessary nutrients and it’s over consumption over time leads to obesity, medical problem, and behavioral problems. Some examples are: ”Salted snack foods, candy, gums, most sweet desserts, fried fast food and carbonated beverages…” (Ask Dietitian, ____).
According to Crister (2003), Junk food consumption is associated with various physical ailments including obesity, Type II diabetes, heart attacks and decreased life expectancy. Because of junk food, “Our children’s life expectancy could be lower than our own (Lempert,2005)”.
Junk food is also a major cause in the 23 percent of American who are overweight. (Assuras, 2001) Fast food and the increasingly available category of junk food is strongly correlated to the “300 percent increase in the rate of U.S. children who are either overweight or obese (Lempert, 2005).”
Furthermore, according to Masser (2000) is also what can cause the crash afterwards which manifests in drowsiness and lack of concentration. Even caffeine from soda sold in school vending machines causes such behavior swings.
• Ok... I suggest you need to compare the non-eater and the eater.
• Please proceed to the plan of work and expected results and submit it to judesalon@yahoo.com. Should you need a template for your Gantt Chart, please see me in my office.
• You may draft your research tools and submit it to my email add. Do not forget to write the members of the group.
Xandro Paulo
Grace Bangcoyo
Christine Reble
I.Project Title
The Performance of SMC HRM Students of Eating Junk Foods….Since you have no accurate data re number of students eating junk foods, I suggest you compare the performance of the non-eater and eater.
II. Abstract
Studies have shown that students are heavily influenced by food advertising and promotions. In many cases, those unhealthy foods have been promoted wisely that it appears to be good for heath and wellness despite the facts that it affects performance, study habit, relationship with the family, health and even death. Junk food is a term describing foods that are classified as unhealthy and/or having poor nutritional value. This study proposed to determine the number of students who are fun in eating junk foods including their daily consumption. It aims to identify the relationship of junk foods to the performance of the students as indicated by their grade point average, study habit, relationship with the family, and their health. Although, the proposed study is not relatively new, the researchers proposed to conduct and validate the theory at the local setting. The study will help students minimize, refrain, or quit from eating junk food.
II.Project Description
Purpose
This will be a comparative study showing the relationship of junk foods to grade point average, study habit, relationship with the family, and health of the St. Michael’s College Students. Furthermore, the proposed study is interested in knowing the factors influencing the junk food eaters to eat such foods.
It is very essential for a person to know and understand the effect of all packed and preserved foods and the benefit of all natural foods like fruits and vegetables. Although the upbringing of the parents to their children, lifestyle, influenced of peers, friends, televisions, and mags are acceptable factors in the performance of a student in school, the study is limited to determine the possible link of junk foods to the mention variables.
Significance
As observed, college students of St. Michael’s College tends to become a junk food addict.
Working in this particular field, although the topic is related to healthcare, eating lifestyle has became an important areas in the Tourism and Hospitality industries. It is the researchers aim to provide healthy lifestyle for the researchers’ target customers.
History
The research reviews the effect of eating junk foods. Some researchers explained that junk food is being consumed by students in record quantities.
“Junk Food” is food which traditionally has no nutritional value. It deprives the body necessary nutrients and it’s over consumption over time leads to obesity, medical problem, and behavioral problems. Some examples are: ”Salted snack foods, candy, gums, most sweet desserts, fried fast food and carbonated beverages…” (Ask Dietitian, ____).
According to Crister (2003), Junk food consumption is associated with various physical ailments including obesity, Type II diabetes, heart attacks and decreased life expectancy. Because of junk food, “Our children’s life expectancy could be lower than our own (Lempert,2005)”.
Junk food is also a major cause in the 23 percent of American who are overweight. (Assuras, 2001) Fast food and the increasingly available category of junk food is strongly correlated to the “300 percent increase in the rate of U.S. children who are either overweight or obese (Lempert, 2005).”
Furthermore, according to Masser (2000) is also what can cause the crash afterwards which manifests in drowsiness and lack of concentration. Even caffeine from soda sold in school vending machines causes such behavior swings.
• Ok... I suggest you need to compare the non-eater and the eater.
• Please proceed to the plan of work and expected results and submit it to judesalon@yahoo.com. Should you need a template for your Gantt Chart, please see me in my office.
• You may draft your research tools and submit it to my email add. Do not forget to write the members of the group.
Revise 2nd Draft: Career Preference
Omar Flores
Jelsa Labro
Irene Jade Salomon
Career Preference of BS Hotel and Restaurant Management Students of Saint Michael’s College
Abstract
State the following points:
1. Issue/s
2. Target sample
3. Significance
4. Methodology or approach
REVISE: There are lots of jobs for a BS HRM graduate. Here and abroad. These are the few of the possible career to choose from, being a hotel or establishment receptionist, a cook or chef perhaps in maritime, hotel and restaurants, food enterprise proprietor or hotel and restaurant manager. These are just few of the possible career to pursue after graduation. This study will help determine what the possible career of BS HRM students years or right after graduation.
III. Project Description
PURPOSE
According to news and surveys, there are a high percentage of graduates that chose to work not on their field of expertise but with what are available job or work there is because of lack of job openings and choices.
During the past years a number of valuable studies (WHAT ARE THOSE) have been conducted to assess the performance of students (OR GRADUATES?) on their chosen career.
The proposed study will help HRM students choose what career to pursue after graduation. The role of the school, the professors and mentors, family, peers, environment and personal decisions will be explored as factors affecting the preference of the students in choosing a career. Moreover, this proposed study is to assess the possible career as measured by the students’ preference and to match these preferences to the required knowledge and skills.
SIGNIFICANCE
HOW CAN THIS STUDY BE BENEFICIAL TO STUDENTS, SMC ADMINISTRATORS, HRM STUDENTS, ETC?
HISTORY
The Bachelor of Arts Major in Hotel and Restaurant Management course is not a well-known course before. Some mistakenly think that HRM courses only tackle about cooking and food serving in hotels and restaurant only. What people do not know is that HRM courses deal with effective & comprehensive training in the hospitality arena and improves human relations abilities.
In HRM you will develop a keen understanding of the skills necessary to run a successful and competitive food service enterprise, how to manage customers and become effective hosts. Years had passed and now the demand of HRM expertise is at large not only here in the Philippines but also abroad.
The strength of the Hotel and Restaurant Management program lies in combining management with culinary expertise. It will develop your understanding on both front room and front office procedures, enhanced by a working knowledge of the kitchen preparation process and other essential “behind-the-scenes” operations. The program highlights topic on elements of food and plate presentation, buffet organization methods, the history and study of specific cuisines as well as preferred serving protocols
I CANT FIND THE CAREER THINGS. YOU MENTIONED THE HRM COURSE BUT NO A CAREER.
Operational Terms:
1. Career; as stated in the Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary 10th edition; is a course, a passage or a field of pursuit of consecutive progressive achievement esp. in publicatio0n, professional, or business life; a profession for which one trains and which is undertaken as a permanent calling. (YOU CHOSE AT LEAST ONE DEFINITION)
2. Preference on the other hand is the power or opportunity of choosing; an act or fact or principle of giving advantages to some over others, and priority and right to demand and receive satisfaction of an obligation.
3. Hotel and Restaurant Management is a Bachelor of Science course offered in college that provides knowledge on proper food handling, public relations, culinary expertise, and management specializing in hotel and restaurant.
Jelsa Labro
Irene Jade Salomon
Career Preference of BS Hotel and Restaurant Management Students of Saint Michael’s College
Abstract
State the following points:
1. Issue/s
2. Target sample
3. Significance
4. Methodology or approach
REVISE: There are lots of jobs for a BS HRM graduate. Here and abroad. These are the few of the possible career to choose from, being a hotel or establishment receptionist, a cook or chef perhaps in maritime, hotel and restaurants, food enterprise proprietor or hotel and restaurant manager. These are just few of the possible career to pursue after graduation. This study will help determine what the possible career of BS HRM students years or right after graduation.
III. Project Description
PURPOSE
According to news and surveys, there are a high percentage of graduates that chose to work not on their field of expertise but with what are available job or work there is because of lack of job openings and choices.
During the past years a number of valuable studies (WHAT ARE THOSE) have been conducted to assess the performance of students (OR GRADUATES?) on their chosen career.
The proposed study will help HRM students choose what career to pursue after graduation. The role of the school, the professors and mentors, family, peers, environment and personal decisions will be explored as factors affecting the preference of the students in choosing a career. Moreover, this proposed study is to assess the possible career as measured by the students’ preference and to match these preferences to the required knowledge and skills.
SIGNIFICANCE
HOW CAN THIS STUDY BE BENEFICIAL TO STUDENTS, SMC ADMINISTRATORS, HRM STUDENTS, ETC?
HISTORY
The Bachelor of Arts Major in Hotel and Restaurant Management course is not a well-known course before. Some mistakenly think that HRM courses only tackle about cooking and food serving in hotels and restaurant only. What people do not know is that HRM courses deal with effective & comprehensive training in the hospitality arena and improves human relations abilities.
In HRM you will develop a keen understanding of the skills necessary to run a successful and competitive food service enterprise, how to manage customers and become effective hosts. Years had passed and now the demand of HRM expertise is at large not only here in the Philippines but also abroad.
The strength of the Hotel and Restaurant Management program lies in combining management with culinary expertise. It will develop your understanding on both front room and front office procedures, enhanced by a working knowledge of the kitchen preparation process and other essential “behind-the-scenes” operations. The program highlights topic on elements of food and plate presentation, buffet organization methods, the history and study of specific cuisines as well as preferred serving protocols
I CANT FIND THE CAREER THINGS. YOU MENTIONED THE HRM COURSE BUT NO A CAREER.
Operational Terms:
1. Career; as stated in the Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary 10th edition; is a course, a passage or a field of pursuit of consecutive progressive achievement esp. in publicatio0n, professional, or business life; a profession for which one trains and which is undertaken as a permanent calling. (YOU CHOSE AT LEAST ONE DEFINITION)
2. Preference on the other hand is the power or opportunity of choosing; an act or fact or principle of giving advantages to some over others, and priority and right to demand and receive satisfaction of an obligation.
3. Hotel and Restaurant Management is a Bachelor of Science course offered in college that provides knowledge on proper food handling, public relations, culinary expertise, and management specializing in hotel and restaurant.
Wednesday, January 23, 2008
SMC: Quiz in a Bowl
So, how was your proposal? feeling better? As mentioned, from time to time I will be using this blogsite to stimulate your interest in reading. This activity will test your mental ability to analyze and apply your learning out of reading.
Below is a statement from a professional social researcher describing the ethical issues in conducting research. Please read carefully and answer the questions individually. Meaning, I expect 49 answers.
"There are a number of key phrases that describe the system of ethical protections that the contemporary social and medical research establishment have created to try to protect better the rights of their research participants. The principle of voluntary participation requires that people not be coerced into participating in research. This is especially relevant where researchers had previously relied on 'captive audiences' for their subjects -- prisons, universities, and places like that. Closely related to the notion of voluntary participation is the requirement of informed consent. Essentially, this means that prospective research participants must be fully informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their consent to participate. Ethical standards also require that researchers not put participants in a situation where they might be at risk of harm as a result of their participation. Harm can be defined as both physical and psychological. There are two standards that are applied in order to help protect the privacy of research participants. Almost all research guarantees the participants confidentiality -- they are assured that identifying information will not be made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the study. The stricter standard is the principle of anonymity which essentially means that the participant will remain anonymous throughout the study -- even to the researchers themselves. Clearly, the anonymity standard is a stronger guarantee of privacy, but it is sometimes difficult to accomplish, especially in situations where participants have to be measured at multiple time points (e.g., a pre-post study). Increasingly, researchers have had to deal with the ethical issue of a person's right to service. Good research practice often requires the use of a no-treatment control group -- a group of participants who do not get the treatment or program that is being studied. But when that treatment or program may have beneficial effects, persons assigned to the no-treatment control may feel their rights to equal access to services are being curtailed".
Case:
Department of Trade and Industry commissioned ST. Michael's College to gather (or enumerate) information from accordingly identified respondents, and store this information in a database. As a compliance to the contract signed, you are required to interview at least 5 respondents.
Question:
1. The social researcher defines the ethical issues in research, How will you handle the case?
2. Should the "accordingly identified respondents" refuse to be interviewed, what is/are your strategies?
You have 12 hours to answer. You need to posed your answer here.
Reminders: For groups who have completed their expected results and plan of work, you may submit it to judesalon@yahoo.com.
Below is a statement from a professional social researcher describing the ethical issues in conducting research. Please read carefully and answer the questions individually. Meaning, I expect 49 answers.
"There are a number of key phrases that describe the system of ethical protections that the contemporary social and medical research establishment have created to try to protect better the rights of their research participants. The principle of voluntary participation requires that people not be coerced into participating in research. This is especially relevant where researchers had previously relied on 'captive audiences' for their subjects -- prisons, universities, and places like that. Closely related to the notion of voluntary participation is the requirement of informed consent. Essentially, this means that prospective research participants must be fully informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their consent to participate. Ethical standards also require that researchers not put participants in a situation where they might be at risk of harm as a result of their participation. Harm can be defined as both physical and psychological. There are two standards that are applied in order to help protect the privacy of research participants. Almost all research guarantees the participants confidentiality -- they are assured that identifying information will not be made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the study. The stricter standard is the principle of anonymity which essentially means that the participant will remain anonymous throughout the study -- even to the researchers themselves. Clearly, the anonymity standard is a stronger guarantee of privacy, but it is sometimes difficult to accomplish, especially in situations where participants have to be measured at multiple time points (e.g., a pre-post study). Increasingly, researchers have had to deal with the ethical issue of a person's right to service. Good research practice often requires the use of a no-treatment control group -- a group of participants who do not get the treatment or program that is being studied. But when that treatment or program may have beneficial effects, persons assigned to the no-treatment control may feel their rights to equal access to services are being curtailed".
Case:
Department of Trade and Industry commissioned ST. Michael's College to gather (or enumerate) information from accordingly identified respondents, and store this information in a database. As a compliance to the contract signed, you are required to interview at least 5 respondents.
Question:
1. The social researcher defines the ethical issues in research, How will you handle the case?
2. Should the "accordingly identified respondents" refuse to be interviewed, what is/are your strategies?
You have 12 hours to answer. You need to posed your answer here.
Reminders: For groups who have completed their expected results and plan of work, you may submit it to judesalon@yahoo.com.
Monday, January 21, 2008
Approved 2nd Draft: Reduction of Wine Expenditures
Loreluz, Estolloso
Reduction of Wine Expenditures in HRM Laboratory Through In-
House Production of Wine
II. Abstract
In the hotel and restaurant industry, the presence of wine adds glamour to any social gathering. And the fact that wine is used in cooking in various dishes, for medicinal purposes, and as part of religious activities of several denominations makes it as an interesting commodity. However, expenditures incurred in the procurement of wines have incessantly increased over the years due to subsequent factors like equipment used and the processing of raw materials. This has also greatly affects the St. Michael’s College HRM Laboratory which also feature an array of wine collection and which also serves wine during special occasion hosted by the school, as well as, other hotel functions.
For this reason, the researcher deemed it necessary to pursue this study on Reduction of Wine Expenditures in HRM Laboratory Through In-House Production of Wine. The said concoction will be made of pineapple, mango, banana, and passion fruits and will be known as Four Seasons Wine. This study is further anchored on the theory that the in-house production of wine will significantly reduce wine expenditure in the HRM Laboratory. This study will also rely on the descriptive – experimental method since factors such as Time, Marketability, Manpower and Raw Materials in relation to the Four Seasons Wine will have to be considered.
III. Project Description
A. Purpose
Wine, as defined by Microsoft Encarta Premium Suite 2005 is a term for an “alcoholic drink made by fermenting the juice, in fresh or concentrated form, of fruits or berries.” Throughout history, wine has been known to complement meals and to celebrate joyful occasions. Wine has also been used in cooking various dishes. History tells us that early Greeks used wine for medicinal purposes.
Likewise, many physicians today believe in wine’s potency to aid digestions and relieve tension. Wine also plays an important part in religious services of many faiths.
There is a significant role that wines play in social gatherings and in the hotel industry by restaurateurs and academic institutions offering Hotel and Restaurant Management courses. No gathering is merrier without wine. However, wine-making can oftentimes incur big expenses especially when faced with the prospect of catering guests with discriminating tastes. Furthermore, equipment and raw materials involved can greatly add up to expenditures. Notwithstanding expenses involved in wine-making, still the fact remains that wine is seen as necessary commodity in hotels and restaurant.
Such reality mentioned above has been acknowledged by the HRM students of St. Michael’s College. The students who have been exposed to bar management know well the amount of money spent in procuring wines.
Thus, it is for this reason that the researcher is encouraged to propose the in-house production of wine made of pineapple, mango, banana and passion fruits, known as Four Seasons Wine to reduce the wine expenditure in HRM Laboratory.
Furthermore, this study is anchored on the theory that the production of the in-house wine will significantly reduce the wine expenditure in the HRM Laboratory. Secondly, this will boost the production of locally made wine. Lastly, this will pave way for more profit and market gains.
This particular study will use the descriptive – experimental method since this will involve the factors affecting the in-house production of Four Seasons Wine, namely: Time, Marketability, Manpower, and Raw Materials. Likewise, it will also be used in the analysis of other independent variables such as the wine expenditures in HRM Laboratory. Furthermore, the researcher is interested of the feasibility of pineapple, mango, banana, and passion fruits to be made as wine.
B. Significance
With the costly prices of raw materials in the market today, it is deemed wise for any entrepreneur engaged in the hotel industry to seek alternative to produce wine which is drinkable and acceptable to most hotel guests and patrons. As mentioned earlier, this study is expected to reduce wine expenditure in the HRM Laboratory. Likewise, this proposed concoction can also be suitable for cooking in selected dishes and when fermented longer than the required period, can produce another by-product – specialty vinegar. Furthermore, it is hoped that with this experiment, subsequent studies will lead to the proliferation of locally – produced wines.
If in any case, that the study will be successful, the researcher intends to introduce the product to the public . Advertisements will be conducted in regards with the product and the selling of the wine in big grocery stores found in the locality as a competitor for the imported wines. As a student, this project will be beneficial to the Hospitality Industry here in Iligan in a way that the students with related course to Hotel and Restaurant Management and to those entrepreneurs who are closely associated to the industry can now purchase wines which is cheaper in contrast with those imported wines. And since the project is new and original, and if the production of this wine will be acknowledged and be accepted by the public, Iligan City will be recognized.
Our economy here in Iligan City is not really dying but with the success of this project, it can and it will help augment our market here through mass production of the said wine and can be sold to other cities or provinces outside Iligan City.
C. History
This study is relatively new and no previous record of its study has been noted. This study is basically a novel idea.
D. Plan of Work
The researcher has planned to do the project ahead of time since it will take six months for the experiment to attain its results. The researcher plans to do the study on the month of March so by September anticipated results will be evaluated The proposed project will take place in the residence of the researcher at 1st East Extension, Rosario Heights, Tubod, Iligan City. The study needs the four different fruits namely mango, pineapple, banana and passion for the production of the wine. Yeast is also required for the fermentation and so is the sugar.
Below is the procedure on how to make the Four Seasons Wine:
INGREDIENTS:
1 kl ripe mangoes
1 kl ripe pineapple
1 kl ripe bananas
1 kl ripe passion fruit
1 kl sugar
½ kl yeast
PROCEDURE:
1. Wash the fruits thoroughly.
2. Peel and crushed the fruits.
3. In a large mixing bow, mix all together the fruits included the sugar and yeast.
4. Place the mixture into a jar and cover it.
5. Preserve it for six months.
6. After six months, strain the mixture and place the now then wine in sterilized bottles.
*** If mixture will be preserved for a longer period, specifically a year, another by-product will be produce which is a vinegar.***
Definition of Term
For better understanding of the words that will be used in this study, some terms are defined:
Wine - an alcoholic drink made by fermenting the juice in fresh or concentrated form, of fruits or berries.
Banana – a fruit of a large herbaceous plant (Musa paradisiacal sapientium) growing 10 to 20 feet high, cultivated in tropical climates for its edible pulpy fruit which grows in long pendant cluster
Mango – the edible fleshy fruit of a tropical tree Mangifera indica
Pineapple – the edible fruit of a Tropical American plant Anana Comosus having spiny, recurved leaves and a cone shaped fruit consisting of the inflourescence clustering densely around a fleshy axis tipped with a rosette of spiked leaves.
Passion fruit – Passiflora edulis or passion fruit is cultivated commercially for its fruit in northwestern South America, India, the Caribbean, Brazil, southern Florida, Hawaii, Australia, East Africa, Israel and South Africa (where it is known as a grenadilla or granadilla). The passion fruit is round to oval, yellow or dark purple at maturity, with a soft to firm, juicy interior filled with numerous seeds. The fruit can be grown to eat or for its juice, which is often added to other fruit juices to enhance aroma.
Yeast – a substance consisting of minute cells of Ascomycetous fungi (genus Saccharomyces that clump together, forming a yellow frothy viscous growth which, in contact with saccharine liquids, develops or increases by germination producing fermentation by means of enzymes, in which processed alcohol and carbon dioxide are produced.
Crushed – to smash or grind into fine fragments or particles
Preserve – to prepare food for future consumption
E. Expected Results
After the experiment will be done and evaluations be made, the researcher has anticipated a good result. And the following factors to be considered like time, marketability, raw materials and man power will be justified. The researcher will be confident to present the project to the public.
• OK. Congratulations. You executed your point well; however I would like to see your definition of the mentioned factors to be examined such as time, marketability, raw materials and manpower.
• Your evaluation will be relatively easier if you can come up with ATTRIBUTES of a specific variable. Meaning, how will you measure time, marketability, raw materials and manpower? This should be discussed clearly. Although the four season wine is new, the concept of marketing is not. Therefore, as part of the history, you need to discuss the success of the existing theory being tested by earlier researches.
• See me in my office…bring your USB or simply hand your email add so I can give you Gantt Chart Format.
Reduction of Wine Expenditures in HRM Laboratory Through In-
House Production of Wine
II. Abstract
In the hotel and restaurant industry, the presence of wine adds glamour to any social gathering. And the fact that wine is used in cooking in various dishes, for medicinal purposes, and as part of religious activities of several denominations makes it as an interesting commodity. However, expenditures incurred in the procurement of wines have incessantly increased over the years due to subsequent factors like equipment used and the processing of raw materials. This has also greatly affects the St. Michael’s College HRM Laboratory which also feature an array of wine collection and which also serves wine during special occasion hosted by the school, as well as, other hotel functions.
For this reason, the researcher deemed it necessary to pursue this study on Reduction of Wine Expenditures in HRM Laboratory Through In-House Production of Wine. The said concoction will be made of pineapple, mango, banana, and passion fruits and will be known as Four Seasons Wine. This study is further anchored on the theory that the in-house production of wine will significantly reduce wine expenditure in the HRM Laboratory. This study will also rely on the descriptive – experimental method since factors such as Time, Marketability, Manpower and Raw Materials in relation to the Four Seasons Wine will have to be considered.
III. Project Description
A. Purpose
Wine, as defined by Microsoft Encarta Premium Suite 2005 is a term for an “alcoholic drink made by fermenting the juice, in fresh or concentrated form, of fruits or berries.” Throughout history, wine has been known to complement meals and to celebrate joyful occasions. Wine has also been used in cooking various dishes. History tells us that early Greeks used wine for medicinal purposes.
Likewise, many physicians today believe in wine’s potency to aid digestions and relieve tension. Wine also plays an important part in religious services of many faiths.
There is a significant role that wines play in social gatherings and in the hotel industry by restaurateurs and academic institutions offering Hotel and Restaurant Management courses. No gathering is merrier without wine. However, wine-making can oftentimes incur big expenses especially when faced with the prospect of catering guests with discriminating tastes. Furthermore, equipment and raw materials involved can greatly add up to expenditures. Notwithstanding expenses involved in wine-making, still the fact remains that wine is seen as necessary commodity in hotels and restaurant.
Such reality mentioned above has been acknowledged by the HRM students of St. Michael’s College. The students who have been exposed to bar management know well the amount of money spent in procuring wines.
Thus, it is for this reason that the researcher is encouraged to propose the in-house production of wine made of pineapple, mango, banana and passion fruits, known as Four Seasons Wine to reduce the wine expenditure in HRM Laboratory.
Furthermore, this study is anchored on the theory that the production of the in-house wine will significantly reduce the wine expenditure in the HRM Laboratory. Secondly, this will boost the production of locally made wine. Lastly, this will pave way for more profit and market gains.
This particular study will use the descriptive – experimental method since this will involve the factors affecting the in-house production of Four Seasons Wine, namely: Time, Marketability, Manpower, and Raw Materials. Likewise, it will also be used in the analysis of other independent variables such as the wine expenditures in HRM Laboratory. Furthermore, the researcher is interested of the feasibility of pineapple, mango, banana, and passion fruits to be made as wine.
B. Significance
With the costly prices of raw materials in the market today, it is deemed wise for any entrepreneur engaged in the hotel industry to seek alternative to produce wine which is drinkable and acceptable to most hotel guests and patrons. As mentioned earlier, this study is expected to reduce wine expenditure in the HRM Laboratory. Likewise, this proposed concoction can also be suitable for cooking in selected dishes and when fermented longer than the required period, can produce another by-product – specialty vinegar. Furthermore, it is hoped that with this experiment, subsequent studies will lead to the proliferation of locally – produced wines.
If in any case, that the study will be successful, the researcher intends to introduce the product to the public . Advertisements will be conducted in regards with the product and the selling of the wine in big grocery stores found in the locality as a competitor for the imported wines. As a student, this project will be beneficial to the Hospitality Industry here in Iligan in a way that the students with related course to Hotel and Restaurant Management and to those entrepreneurs who are closely associated to the industry can now purchase wines which is cheaper in contrast with those imported wines. And since the project is new and original, and if the production of this wine will be acknowledged and be accepted by the public, Iligan City will be recognized.
Our economy here in Iligan City is not really dying but with the success of this project, it can and it will help augment our market here through mass production of the said wine and can be sold to other cities or provinces outside Iligan City.
C. History
This study is relatively new and no previous record of its study has been noted. This study is basically a novel idea.
D. Plan of Work
The researcher has planned to do the project ahead of time since it will take six months for the experiment to attain its results. The researcher plans to do the study on the month of March so by September anticipated results will be evaluated The proposed project will take place in the residence of the researcher at 1st East Extension, Rosario Heights, Tubod, Iligan City. The study needs the four different fruits namely mango, pineapple, banana and passion for the production of the wine. Yeast is also required for the fermentation and so is the sugar.
Below is the procedure on how to make the Four Seasons Wine:
INGREDIENTS:
1 kl ripe mangoes
1 kl ripe pineapple
1 kl ripe bananas
1 kl ripe passion fruit
1 kl sugar
½ kl yeast
PROCEDURE:
1. Wash the fruits thoroughly.
2. Peel and crushed the fruits.
3. In a large mixing bow, mix all together the fruits included the sugar and yeast.
4. Place the mixture into a jar and cover it.
5. Preserve it for six months.
6. After six months, strain the mixture and place the now then wine in sterilized bottles.
*** If mixture will be preserved for a longer period, specifically a year, another by-product will be produce which is a vinegar.***
Definition of Term
For better understanding of the words that will be used in this study, some terms are defined:
Wine - an alcoholic drink made by fermenting the juice in fresh or concentrated form, of fruits or berries.
Banana – a fruit of a large herbaceous plant (Musa paradisiacal sapientium) growing 10 to 20 feet high, cultivated in tropical climates for its edible pulpy fruit which grows in long pendant cluster
Mango – the edible fleshy fruit of a tropical tree Mangifera indica
Pineapple – the edible fruit of a Tropical American plant Anana Comosus having spiny, recurved leaves and a cone shaped fruit consisting of the inflourescence clustering densely around a fleshy axis tipped with a rosette of spiked leaves.
Passion fruit – Passiflora edulis or passion fruit is cultivated commercially for its fruit in northwestern South America, India, the Caribbean, Brazil, southern Florida, Hawaii, Australia, East Africa, Israel and South Africa (where it is known as a grenadilla or granadilla). The passion fruit is round to oval, yellow or dark purple at maturity, with a soft to firm, juicy interior filled with numerous seeds. The fruit can be grown to eat or for its juice, which is often added to other fruit juices to enhance aroma.
Yeast – a substance consisting of minute cells of Ascomycetous fungi (genus Saccharomyces that clump together, forming a yellow frothy viscous growth which, in contact with saccharine liquids, develops or increases by germination producing fermentation by means of enzymes, in which processed alcohol and carbon dioxide are produced.
Crushed – to smash or grind into fine fragments or particles
Preserve – to prepare food for future consumption
E. Expected Results
After the experiment will be done and evaluations be made, the researcher has anticipated a good result. And the following factors to be considered like time, marketability, raw materials and man power will be justified. The researcher will be confident to present the project to the public.
• OK. Congratulations. You executed your point well; however I would like to see your definition of the mentioned factors to be examined such as time, marketability, raw materials and manpower.
• Your evaluation will be relatively easier if you can come up with ATTRIBUTES of a specific variable. Meaning, how will you measure time, marketability, raw materials and manpower? This should be discussed clearly. Although the four season wine is new, the concept of marketing is not. Therefore, as part of the history, you need to discuss the success of the existing theory being tested by earlier researches.
• See me in my office…bring your USB or simply hand your email add so I can give you Gantt Chart Format.
Approved 2nd Draft:The decrease of net sales of Club7 bar in Iligan City
Jared abbu
Ayessa daligdig
Christabelle chew
The decrease of net sales of Club7 bar in Iligan City
II. Abstract
Decrease in net sales is one of the major problems in any profit –oriented establishments. There are many factors that may affect sales such as _______________, _________________, ___________________, _______________, and______________. This is a case-descriptive study focusing on the decrease of net sales in an establishment where there is good ambiance, peaceful and accessible. This study may help improve the establishment.
III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A. Purpose
The study focuses on factors affecting the net sales of Club 7 establishment. Furthermore, to understand the preference of Iliganon in a bar the researcher will have to describe the Iliganon preference in a bar, whether it is an acoustic, live band, comedy bar, restobar and disco bar.
B. Significance
The interest of the people may vary but this study will have significant impact to the following group of people:
1. Students will have an avenue to apply the knowledge they learned from the earlier years in school. Although, the research topic may not be the first to be conducted in Iligan, the extent of analyzing a single enterprise may a greater contribution in explaining the economy of Iligan.
2. The bar owners may not necessary adopt the latter recommendation but it surely outlines the possible cause of the decrease of net sales at the perspective of the regular and possible costumers. Results of the study can help improve their establishments.
3. The economy in Iligan is complex to match with this proposed study. However, this study can explain the micro economy that when seriously taken into consideration by the Local Government Unit is a potential product to venture.
4. This study may not be true to all existing bars but the case and variables to be presented in this study have probable relationships with each other. This will serve as their guidelines in knowing the pros and cons of establishing same business.
C. History
Club 7 Bar was established on the year 2003. For two years, _________ (What data?) shows Club 7 bar was a success as indicated by their net sales. At the peak of their success, many costumers who came in contact with the Bar had put up their own business with a standard higher than Club 7. To sum, the opening of many bars greatly affects the sales of Club 7.
The bar had been closed for 3 months for a renovation to compete with market. On January 2007, the bar was re-opened under _________________ (a new management? U check). =======you describe the latest information of Club 7. Increasing or decreasing still? People
===========you discuss the factors that may affect sales….you relate it to why the sales is still decreasing in spite of the good ambiance, peaceful, and accessible.
• Research the possible factors that affect sales other than good ambiance, peaceful, and accessible. You can search in the internet…Give me a logical answer to my question. Don’t forget to cite your reference site.
• Proceed with the plan of work and expected results. I already gave the reference material for you to be guided.
• After researching and doing the necessary corrections, you may proceed to drafting your research tool (Survey questionnaire).
Ayessa daligdig
Christabelle chew
The decrease of net sales of Club7 bar in Iligan City
II. Abstract
Decrease in net sales is one of the major problems in any profit –oriented establishments. There are many factors that may affect sales such as _______________, _________________, ___________________, _______________, and______________. This is a case-descriptive study focusing on the decrease of net sales in an establishment where there is good ambiance, peaceful and accessible. This study may help improve the establishment.
III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A. Purpose
The study focuses on factors affecting the net sales of Club 7 establishment. Furthermore, to understand the preference of Iliganon in a bar the researcher will have to describe the Iliganon preference in a bar, whether it is an acoustic, live band, comedy bar, restobar and disco bar.
B. Significance
The interest of the people may vary but this study will have significant impact to the following group of people:
1. Students will have an avenue to apply the knowledge they learned from the earlier years in school. Although, the research topic may not be the first to be conducted in Iligan, the extent of analyzing a single enterprise may a greater contribution in explaining the economy of Iligan.
2. The bar owners may not necessary adopt the latter recommendation but it surely outlines the possible cause of the decrease of net sales at the perspective of the regular and possible costumers. Results of the study can help improve their establishments.
3. The economy in Iligan is complex to match with this proposed study. However, this study can explain the micro economy that when seriously taken into consideration by the Local Government Unit is a potential product to venture.
4. This study may not be true to all existing bars but the case and variables to be presented in this study have probable relationships with each other. This will serve as their guidelines in knowing the pros and cons of establishing same business.
C. History
Club 7 Bar was established on the year 2003. For two years, _________ (What data?) shows Club 7 bar was a success as indicated by their net sales. At the peak of their success, many costumers who came in contact with the Bar had put up their own business with a standard higher than Club 7. To sum, the opening of many bars greatly affects the sales of Club 7.
The bar had been closed for 3 months for a renovation to compete with market. On January 2007, the bar was re-opened under _________________ (a new management? U check). =======you describe the latest information of Club 7. Increasing or decreasing still? People
===========you discuss the factors that may affect sales….you relate it to why the sales is still decreasing in spite of the good ambiance, peaceful, and accessible.
• Research the possible factors that affect sales other than good ambiance, peaceful, and accessible. You can search in the internet…Give me a logical answer to my question. Don’t forget to cite your reference site.
• Proceed with the plan of work and expected results. I already gave the reference material for you to be guided.
• After researching and doing the necessary corrections, you may proceed to drafting your research tool (Survey questionnaire).
Approved 2nd Draft: Skills Matching of SMC HRM Students to Job Placement
DAPHNE GAYLE DUMANJUG
JULIE ANN PISCOS
I. Project Problem
Skills Matching of SMC HRM Students to Job Placement
II. Abstract
Since the millennium year started the demand for SMC students has also been expanding and extending upward that standards are set from different levels of establishment in the hospitality industry. The focus of this research is to examine the curriculum of SMC HRM in relation to meeting the standards for employment. This study help students improve and develop their skills according to the standards of the employers being examined. This study focuses on investigating and observing the standard skills that each SMC HRM students must possess in transitional examination of the interventions made by the institution to achieve these requirements. This is a descriptive study focuses on the 2nd year, 3rd year, and 4th year students of St. Michael’s College. Secondary data from potential employers will be used to match the qualifications of the students and the curriculum.
III. Project Description
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to know the standards and requirement of the employer for job placement.
In the recent study, _3__ out of ____ successfully employed after a series of test and interview. ===(you need to research the data relevant to this statement).This means that unskilled human resources are collectively hindering the development of the country and not the meager number of job opportunities.
More than the academic requirements, Education System is supposed and expected to hone the potentials of the students to meet the demand of the work-force community. Thus, this study is proposed for this purpose.
Significance
This study is proposed to determine the ability and skills of the HRM students in transitional examination with the requirement of the prospect employers.
In this study, the results may help student understand, adapt and internalize the curriculum of the institution. Through this, researchers believe that HRM students will be interested in the application of the knowledge learned to achieve the skills needed for employment.
History
APEC EDUCATION FORUM - "Education Ministers from 14 member economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) met in Washington in 1992 August at the invitation of the United States. They agreed to form an APEC Education Forum within APEC's Human Resources Development Working Group and to coordinate joint activities in the field of education. APEC itself was formed in 1989 as a new mechanism for multilateral cooperation among the economies of the Asia-Pacific Region”. or many organizations, questionnaires are popular tools for gauging internal and external performance. In the long-term, organizations can make incorrect and costly business decisions based on data from poorly designed questionnaires. That said, it is unfortunate that many organizations create, conduct and analyze questionnaires on their own - without any guidance from specialists. This can be a crucial business.
Readers are treated here to a rare insider conversation with one of the most prominent experts in tests, measurement and questionnaire research. Meet Dr. Rense Lange, a pioneer in applying modern test theory methods to business analytic. Being an exclusive part of the 20|20 Skills(TM) assessment team (www.2020skills.com).Dr. Lange recently fielded some pointed questions from me about the pitfalls of questionnaire studies of which organizations should be aware
• I don’t get the point of posting an article which is far different from your research problem. This is not yours, I suppose. So, what’s the point?
• Your abstract, purpose and significance are OK. The history you have presented is not OK. The idea in writing the article simply guides you and the reader of the history behind the study which means you have to write the issues behind (constructive please). This is just the DETAILED item of your purpose.
• In your 3rd draft, you need to define your operational terms. I have posted a blog discussing the importance of defining your operational terms.
• After revising your history, you may now proceed with the work plan, expected results, and a draft copy of your research tool (Survey questionnaire, interview, FGD, etc.)
JULIE ANN PISCOS
I. Project Problem
Skills Matching of SMC HRM Students to Job Placement
II. Abstract
Since the millennium year started the demand for SMC students has also been expanding and extending upward that standards are set from different levels of establishment in the hospitality industry. The focus of this research is to examine the curriculum of SMC HRM in relation to meeting the standards for employment. This study help students improve and develop their skills according to the standards of the employers being examined. This study focuses on investigating and observing the standard skills that each SMC HRM students must possess in transitional examination of the interventions made by the institution to achieve these requirements. This is a descriptive study focuses on the 2nd year, 3rd year, and 4th year students of St. Michael’s College. Secondary data from potential employers will be used to match the qualifications of the students and the curriculum.
III. Project Description
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to know the standards and requirement of the employer for job placement.
In the recent study, _3__ out of ____ successfully employed after a series of test and interview. ===(you need to research the data relevant to this statement).This means that unskilled human resources are collectively hindering the development of the country and not the meager number of job opportunities.
More than the academic requirements, Education System is supposed and expected to hone the potentials of the students to meet the demand of the work-force community. Thus, this study is proposed for this purpose.
Significance
This study is proposed to determine the ability and skills of the HRM students in transitional examination with the requirement of the prospect employers.
In this study, the results may help student understand, adapt and internalize the curriculum of the institution. Through this, researchers believe that HRM students will be interested in the application of the knowledge learned to achieve the skills needed for employment.
History
APEC EDUCATION FORUM - "Education Ministers from 14 member economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) met in Washington in 1992 August at the invitation of the United States. They agreed to form an APEC Education Forum within APEC's Human Resources Development Working Group and to coordinate joint activities in the field of education. APEC itself was formed in 1989 as a new mechanism for multilateral cooperation among the economies of the Asia-Pacific Region”. or many organizations, questionnaires are popular tools for gauging internal and external performance. In the long-term, organizations can make incorrect and costly business decisions based on data from poorly designed questionnaires. That said, it is unfortunate that many organizations create, conduct and analyze questionnaires on their own - without any guidance from specialists. This can be a crucial business.
Readers are treated here to a rare insider conversation with one of the most prominent experts in tests, measurement and questionnaire research. Meet Dr. Rense Lange, a pioneer in applying modern test theory methods to business analytic. Being an exclusive part of the 20|20 Skills(TM) assessment team (www.2020skills.com).Dr. Lange recently fielded some pointed questions from me about the pitfalls of questionnaire studies of which organizations should be aware
• I don’t get the point of posting an article which is far different from your research problem. This is not yours, I suppose. So, what’s the point?
• Your abstract, purpose and significance are OK. The history you have presented is not OK. The idea in writing the article simply guides you and the reader of the history behind the study which means you have to write the issues behind (constructive please). This is just the DETAILED item of your purpose.
• In your 3rd draft, you need to define your operational terms. I have posted a blog discussing the importance of defining your operational terms.
• After revising your history, you may now proceed with the work plan, expected results, and a draft copy of your research tool (Survey questionnaire, interview, FGD, etc.)
Approved 2nd Draft:Perception of House Helpers to HRM
Janice Yañez
Helen Garcillano
Jenda Gebana
Perception of House Helpers to HRM
II. Abstract
HRM course was commonly perceived no difference from house helper in terms of the knowledge, attitude and the skills. Local House Helpers learned their knowledge, skills and practices from co-workers or from their related experiences back home while HRM graduates are properly taught in schools with emphasis in aesthetic and management. This is a descriptive study aiming to determine the validity of this observation. This research will explore the perception of House Helpers to HRM as a course.
III. Project Description
This research aims to know the perception of House Helper to HRM as a course, in terms of knowledge, skills and practices. Furthermore, the proposed study seeks to answer the perceived link of House helpers and SMC HRM graduates to a job qualification and the benefits acquired.
IV. Significance
This research paper has the following significance:
• Employers. This research will differentiate the type of skills that a House helpers and the graduates of HRM in SMC.
• SMC HRM Department. This research will show the perception of house helpers in Iligan City to HRM. Result of this study can be used to strengthen the core competences of the course as well as the graduates.
V. History
Recently in history that house helper was appreciated and actually looked upon as being worthy of any form of respect. This transition started to happen some time in the late forties, early fifties. This is when it became more acceptable to find women who by choice, worked for their clients rather than being forced to work to pay off debts.
In the City of Iligan, house helper or maid shares a portion of the entire population. According to _______, 3 out of 10 employers are giving the rightful benefits that are intended for its employees such as SSS, Phil health etc. The qualification depends on the work required by the employers. Female are preferred than the male. Educational Achievement is not required but important.
Housemaids are doing menial tasks such as picking up after the family members, serving meals, laundry and cleaning the house. These are works that house helper normally does, which are considered part and parcel of the hospitality industry.
In the recent data from the POEA, _________ of the Filipinos went abroad and are working as housemaids. ==================== I am confused of your study. Although, I asked you to cover this topic it does not mean that I will give the whole pieces. I cannot understand your conceptual framework. You are merely identifying the variables. I said you draw it showing the relationships of the variables you have written. Please research on how to draw your conceptual framework.
REVISE. Please hurry you have no enough time to do it! Visit my office so I can guide you.
Helen Garcillano
Jenda Gebana
Perception of House Helpers to HRM
II. Abstract
HRM course was commonly perceived no difference from house helper in terms of the knowledge, attitude and the skills. Local House Helpers learned their knowledge, skills and practices from co-workers or from their related experiences back home while HRM graduates are properly taught in schools with emphasis in aesthetic and management. This is a descriptive study aiming to determine the validity of this observation. This research will explore the perception of House Helpers to HRM as a course.
III. Project Description
This research aims to know the perception of House Helper to HRM as a course, in terms of knowledge, skills and practices. Furthermore, the proposed study seeks to answer the perceived link of House helpers and SMC HRM graduates to a job qualification and the benefits acquired.
IV. Significance
This research paper has the following significance:
• Employers. This research will differentiate the type of skills that a House helpers and the graduates of HRM in SMC.
• SMC HRM Department. This research will show the perception of house helpers in Iligan City to HRM. Result of this study can be used to strengthen the core competences of the course as well as the graduates.
V. History
Recently in history that house helper was appreciated and actually looked upon as being worthy of any form of respect. This transition started to happen some time in the late forties, early fifties. This is when it became more acceptable to find women who by choice, worked for their clients rather than being forced to work to pay off debts.
In the City of Iligan, house helper or maid shares a portion of the entire population. According to _______, 3 out of 10 employers are giving the rightful benefits that are intended for its employees such as SSS, Phil health etc. The qualification depends on the work required by the employers. Female are preferred than the male. Educational Achievement is not required but important.
Housemaids are doing menial tasks such as picking up after the family members, serving meals, laundry and cleaning the house. These are works that house helper normally does, which are considered part and parcel of the hospitality industry.
In the recent data from the POEA, _________ of the Filipinos went abroad and are working as housemaids. ==================== I am confused of your study. Although, I asked you to cover this topic it does not mean that I will give the whole pieces. I cannot understand your conceptual framework. You are merely identifying the variables. I said you draw it showing the relationships of the variables you have written. Please research on how to draw your conceptual framework.
REVISE. Please hurry you have no enough time to do it! Visit my office so I can guide you.
Approved 2nd Draft:Enhancing the Potential of Centennial Park
Nino Goldeni Torayno
Ed Wendell Somera
Mark Vincent Laxamana
I. Enhancing the Potential of Centennial Park
II. Abstract
Though the city was known for the wonderful waterfalls, local tourists preferably visit the Centennial Park located in Barangay Dalipuga. This study attempts to explore the potentials of the Centennial Park to be a tourist destination in Iligan City. The success of the Centennial Park will be measured based on dependent variables such as Location, Investment, Management and Promotional Activities. This is a descriptive study which aims to provide concrete view of Centennial Park development profile in the perspective of the population to be sampled.
III. Project Description
Purpose
This research study focuses on investigating the current development and management of the centennial park as one of tourist destination in Iligan City. Many attempts were done to market the place, however there were no studies made to concretize the development profile of the Park. Thus, this study is proposed for this purpose.
Secondary data from the City Government Offices will be used while Primary Data will be gathered through survey. The in view is that the survey will measure the acceptability of the population to consider the Park in the list of the tourist destination while considering the verifiable indicators affecting its success.
Significant
Aside from natural scenery, there is so much to see in the park. Mark with the historical stories of the city, it is necessary to preserve the centennial park to attract domestic and foreign tourists. Students as part of the society are called for this transformation. The outcome of this study may not necessarily change the world but at least will present the possible answer to change the society.
History
1998 Centennial Park was built in Dalipuga at the same time it was the centennial feast of Iligan city. Thomas Alcantara who owned Alson’s Corporation (now Holcim) offered the land to the City Government for this purpose. ==================add your history. Mention the following:
• History of the operation of Centennial Park
• Discuss the Importance of Location, Investment, Management and Promotional Activities in Tourism Industry or business.
• Proceed with the plan of work and expected results. I already gave the reference material for you to be guided.
• After convincing yourself that Location, Investment, Management and Promotional Activities are factors affecting the success of a program, YOU may proceed to drafting your research tool (Survey questionnaire).
Ed Wendell Somera
Mark Vincent Laxamana
I. Enhancing the Potential of Centennial Park
II. Abstract
Though the city was known for the wonderful waterfalls, local tourists preferably visit the Centennial Park located in Barangay Dalipuga. This study attempts to explore the potentials of the Centennial Park to be a tourist destination in Iligan City. The success of the Centennial Park will be measured based on dependent variables such as Location, Investment, Management and Promotional Activities. This is a descriptive study which aims to provide concrete view of Centennial Park development profile in the perspective of the population to be sampled.
III. Project Description
Purpose
This research study focuses on investigating the current development and management of the centennial park as one of tourist destination in Iligan City. Many attempts were done to market the place, however there were no studies made to concretize the development profile of the Park. Thus, this study is proposed for this purpose.
Secondary data from the City Government Offices will be used while Primary Data will be gathered through survey. The in view is that the survey will measure the acceptability of the population to consider the Park in the list of the tourist destination while considering the verifiable indicators affecting its success.
Significant
Aside from natural scenery, there is so much to see in the park. Mark with the historical stories of the city, it is necessary to preserve the centennial park to attract domestic and foreign tourists. Students as part of the society are called for this transformation. The outcome of this study may not necessarily change the world but at least will present the possible answer to change the society.
History
1998 Centennial Park was built in Dalipuga at the same time it was the centennial feast of Iligan city. Thomas Alcantara who owned Alson’s Corporation (now Holcim) offered the land to the City Government for this purpose. ==================add your history. Mention the following:
• History of the operation of Centennial Park
• Discuss the Importance of Location, Investment, Management and Promotional Activities in Tourism Industry or business.
• Proceed with the plan of work and expected results. I already gave the reference material for you to be guided.
• After convincing yourself that Location, Investment, Management and Promotional Activities are factors affecting the success of a program, YOU may proceed to drafting your research tool (Survey questionnaire).
Approved 2nd Draft:Tipping Attitude of Iliganons
Wheena Tuliao
Gines Paul Lacida
Mary Joy Cedeno
Tipping Attitude of Iliganons
ABSTRACT
The act of tipping raises interesting questions like the factors associated in the tipping decisions. Tipping or gratuity is both a social norm and a means of rewarding good service. It varies on the basis of expected future service specifically in restaurants. Tips are voluntary payments given after services have been rendered. It has been argued that customers leave tips maybe to abide with social norms and expectations, to minify service staffs’ envy, and to display wealth, status and power. In other words, tipping could have been an attempt to buy the approval, goodwill and esteem of servers and fellow costumers. In Iligan, costumers are not expected to tip 15% of the total bill. The act of tipping is commonly observed based on the change of the money paid or based on the satisfaction of service. This proposed study aims to determine the attitude of Iliganon concerning tipping.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
PURPOSE
This study attempts to determine the tipping attitude of Iliganons which is essentially to be measured with control variables like social norms, expectations, rewards, and social status. Based on earlier studies, Tipping is predominantly happening in restaurants and lodging establishments in Iligan City. This became our basis for this study.
SIGNIFICANCE
At a varying degree, this study is significant to the following:
1. Researcher. This will strengthen the knowledge imparted by the school through application of the various theories into practice. Knowing more of the customer-service staff relationship and the information we will be getting will be applied in our future endeavor.
2. Service Staff. This study could be a great advantage for them to strive and pursue their job perfectly. The information of the proposed study will help them realize the importance of the customer and the services they will provide.
3. SMC. Reviewing the factors influencing the tipping attitude of the costumer may result to aligning of curriculum which incorporates tipping and quality services.
HISTORY
Etymologists trace the word “tipping” back to the street language of the medieval era, when it meant “hand it over”. (It sort of means the same thing today.)
In 1972, an anthropology professor linked the words “gratuity” and “tip” in various languages to the act of imbibing. Each can literally translated into terms that pattern to drinking -- tringled in German, pourboire in French, for example. The Dutch word tippen (calling for service by tapping on a table) and the Latin word stips (meaning “gift”) may also be related.
Whatever the origin of the word, the practice probably goes back to the first time one Neanderthal held a rock open for another Neanderthal. Or at least, as some evidence suggests, to the Roman Empire. The term has also been linked (though not by all word historians) to 18th-century England, where eating and drinking establishments put out brass urns inscribed with the phrase “to Insure Promptude” (T.I.P.) for customers to leave money in the table.
• Very Good. Congratulations. I have edited some of the grammatical errors.
• In the history portion, please come up with an analysis to the earlier factors you have mentioned such as social norms and expectations, minify service staffs’ envy, and to display wealth, status and power. I already sum up these variables and its written in the purpose (control variable). If you can list other factors, better.
• Where is your Definition of Terms? Provide the important definition of the terms that you will be using in your study. Attach it together with your 3rd draft.
• You may now proceed to the plan of work, expected results, and a draft copy of your research tools (survey questionnaires, Interview questionnaires, etc). I already gave the reference materials for you to be guided.
• This is your assignment to be submitted on January 22, 2008. Paperless please. Submit it here with your names and Research problem only.
Gines Paul Lacida
Mary Joy Cedeno
Tipping Attitude of Iliganons
ABSTRACT
The act of tipping raises interesting questions like the factors associated in the tipping decisions. Tipping or gratuity is both a social norm and a means of rewarding good service. It varies on the basis of expected future service specifically in restaurants. Tips are voluntary payments given after services have been rendered. It has been argued that customers leave tips maybe to abide with social norms and expectations, to minify service staffs’ envy, and to display wealth, status and power. In other words, tipping could have been an attempt to buy the approval, goodwill and esteem of servers and fellow costumers. In Iligan, costumers are not expected to tip 15% of the total bill. The act of tipping is commonly observed based on the change of the money paid or based on the satisfaction of service. This proposed study aims to determine the attitude of Iliganon concerning tipping.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
PURPOSE
This study attempts to determine the tipping attitude of Iliganons which is essentially to be measured with control variables like social norms, expectations, rewards, and social status. Based on earlier studies, Tipping is predominantly happening in restaurants and lodging establishments in Iligan City. This became our basis for this study.
SIGNIFICANCE
At a varying degree, this study is significant to the following:
1. Researcher. This will strengthen the knowledge imparted by the school through application of the various theories into practice. Knowing more of the customer-service staff relationship and the information we will be getting will be applied in our future endeavor.
2. Service Staff. This study could be a great advantage for them to strive and pursue their job perfectly. The information of the proposed study will help them realize the importance of the customer and the services they will provide.
3. SMC. Reviewing the factors influencing the tipping attitude of the costumer may result to aligning of curriculum which incorporates tipping and quality services.
HISTORY
Etymologists trace the word “tipping” back to the street language of the medieval era, when it meant “hand it over”. (It sort of means the same thing today.)
In 1972, an anthropology professor linked the words “gratuity” and “tip” in various languages to the act of imbibing. Each can literally translated into terms that pattern to drinking -- tringled in German, pourboire in French, for example. The Dutch word tippen (calling for service by tapping on a table) and the Latin word stips (meaning “gift”) may also be related.
Whatever the origin of the word, the practice probably goes back to the first time one Neanderthal held a rock open for another Neanderthal. Or at least, as some evidence suggests, to the Roman Empire. The term has also been linked (though not by all word historians) to 18th-century England, where eating and drinking establishments put out brass urns inscribed with the phrase “to Insure Promptude” (T.I.P.) for customers to leave money in the table.
• Very Good. Congratulations. I have edited some of the grammatical errors.
• In the history portion, please come up with an analysis to the earlier factors you have mentioned such as social norms and expectations, minify service staffs’ envy, and to display wealth, status and power. I already sum up these variables and its written in the purpose (control variable). If you can list other factors, better.
• Where is your Definition of Terms? Provide the important definition of the terms that you will be using in your study. Attach it together with your 3rd draft.
• You may now proceed to the plan of work, expected results, and a draft copy of your research tools (survey questionnaires, Interview questionnaires, etc). I already gave the reference materials for you to be guided.
• This is your assignment to be submitted on January 22, 2008. Paperless please. Submit it here with your names and Research problem only.
Friday, January 18, 2008
Approved 2nd Draft: SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECT OF LOW RATES OF PENSION HOUSES
QUITOS, CHRISTIAN MICHAEL M.
CUERQUIS, JAY MICHAEL
GOMEZ, LIBERT
LIMBO, ALLAN JR.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECT OF LOW RATES OF PENSION HOUSES
IN ILIGAN CITY
II. Abstract
Pension Houses in Iligan City are small businesses that offer special prices for travelers staying more than a week. They are less expensive than a full service hotel since they are family run and have limited services beyond lodging and food. However, all products and services in similar establishments and classification ideally have similar cost. The rate of the Pension Houses in Iligan City is distinct to this marketing norm. The researchers are determined to compare the rates of the pension houses across the cities of ________________, _________________, ________________________ and its socio-economic effect to the city of Iligan. This research will used secondary data to compare the prevailing pension houses rates of the mentioned cities and at the same time conduct a survey that relatively measures the socio-economic variables in this study.
III. Project description
A. Purpose
The study generally aims to determine the socio-economic effect of Pension Houses in Iligan City. The view of this study examines the __________________, _____________________, _____________________, ___________________, _____________________, ____________________, _____________________, _____________________, and _______________ as possible outcome of the problem being examined.
The researchers are also interested in describing the profile of the Pension Houses in the cities of Iligan, _____________, __________________, ____________ in terms of Capital, Rates, Number of Employees, their facilities and services.
B. Significance
Earning is the end goal of almost every establishment. Beyond economic needs of the establishment is its responsibility to the public and the community. Thus, this study aims to present this paradigm.
===========How can this study be beneficial to students, teachers, smc, city government, etc.
C. History
These small businesses may offer special prices for travelers staying more than a week. In Switzerland this definition has a wider range beyond a cheap hostel. These family run guesthouses may be located in historic old buildings, have beautifully designed rooms with private bath and usually have a restaurant for breakfast and dinner. They are less expensive than a full service hotel since they are family run and have limited services beyond lodging and food.
The history of the low rates of Pension houses in Iligan City can be traced back to ______________________________________________________________
___________. Provide the data. No probabilities. You need to provide a good data or let an owner say something about lowering the rates. There should be no assumptions from your part if you are presenting the structure of your study.
You may ask the sociologist or economies re their concerned areas. Like, areas under social structure are governance, family, etc. Areas under economics are enterprise, etc. Not so sure because this is no longer my forte… Anyway, you better search in the internet and write those areas with the corresponding definitions.
The areas that you will have to search in books or internet will supply the missing words in the Purpose.
• The output you have submitted has no difference with the one you have submitted earlier. I am monitoring your progress. Incorporate the idea that I will be proposing.
• Where is your Definition of Terms? In a separate sheet, you provide the terms that you will be using in your study. Attach it together with your 3rd draft.
• Ok…you need to improve and sharpen your thoughts. I have written some points for you to consider.
• This is your assignment to be submitted on January 21, 2008. Paperless please. Submit it here with your names and Research problem only.
CUERQUIS, JAY MICHAEL
GOMEZ, LIBERT
LIMBO, ALLAN JR.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECT OF LOW RATES OF PENSION HOUSES
IN ILIGAN CITY
II. Abstract
Pension Houses in Iligan City are small businesses that offer special prices for travelers staying more than a week. They are less expensive than a full service hotel since they are family run and have limited services beyond lodging and food. However, all products and services in similar establishments and classification ideally have similar cost. The rate of the Pension Houses in Iligan City is distinct to this marketing norm. The researchers are determined to compare the rates of the pension houses across the cities of ________________, _________________, ________________________ and its socio-economic effect to the city of Iligan. This research will used secondary data to compare the prevailing pension houses rates of the mentioned cities and at the same time conduct a survey that relatively measures the socio-economic variables in this study.
III. Project description
A. Purpose
The study generally aims to determine the socio-economic effect of Pension Houses in Iligan City. The view of this study examines the __________________, _____________________, _____________________, ___________________, _____________________, ____________________, _____________________, _____________________, and _______________ as possible outcome of the problem being examined.
The researchers are also interested in describing the profile of the Pension Houses in the cities of Iligan, _____________, __________________, ____________ in terms of Capital, Rates, Number of Employees, their facilities and services.
B. Significance
Earning is the end goal of almost every establishment. Beyond economic needs of the establishment is its responsibility to the public and the community. Thus, this study aims to present this paradigm.
===========How can this study be beneficial to students, teachers, smc, city government, etc.
C. History
These small businesses may offer special prices for travelers staying more than a week. In Switzerland this definition has a wider range beyond a cheap hostel. These family run guesthouses may be located in historic old buildings, have beautifully designed rooms with private bath and usually have a restaurant for breakfast and dinner. They are less expensive than a full service hotel since they are family run and have limited services beyond lodging and food.
The history of the low rates of Pension houses in Iligan City can be traced back to ______________________________________________________________
___________. Provide the data. No probabilities. You need to provide a good data or let an owner say something about lowering the rates. There should be no assumptions from your part if you are presenting the structure of your study.
You may ask the sociologist or economies re their concerned areas. Like, areas under social structure are governance, family, etc. Areas under economics are enterprise, etc. Not so sure because this is no longer my forte… Anyway, you better search in the internet and write those areas with the corresponding definitions.
The areas that you will have to search in books or internet will supply the missing words in the Purpose.
• The output you have submitted has no difference with the one you have submitted earlier. I am monitoring your progress. Incorporate the idea that I will be proposing.
• Where is your Definition of Terms? In a separate sheet, you provide the terms that you will be using in your study. Attach it together with your 3rd draft.
• Ok…you need to improve and sharpen your thoughts. I have written some points for you to consider.
• This is your assignment to be submitted on January 21, 2008. Paperless please. Submit it here with your names and Research problem only.
Approved 2nd Draft: Level of confidence in speaking English
Lera Kay P. Lluisma
Liezl D. Padua
Nodelyn E. Pabinguit
Level of confidence in speaking English
II. Abstract
In institution where the medium of instruction is English, conversational and written English are determinants in students’ performance in Higher Education. Although these two things should parallel each other, conversational English is considered the most important especially during job interviews, class participation, meetings, etc. This is the researchers’ basis in proposing this study. Researchers’ believe that the learners’ ability to speak in the target language is dependent on a number of factors which are not solely related to their knowledge of the language systems such as grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. Personality factors such as timidity or self-confidence play an important part, as do attitudinal factors such as perception of importance of speaking or dislike of making mistakes. While these are not directly assessed in the speaking test, they can affect students’ progress and improvement in developing their speaking skills. The point is, exploring this topic may help teachers to be aware of these factors and possibly address them in the class. This is a descriptive study with emphasis on testing the confidence level and perception of the students in speaking English.
III. Project Description
Purpose
In many testimonies, students in St. Michael’s College bear much anxiety and pressure while studying English. English is one of the languages most people in the whole world practice to communicate amidst the cultural differences. Learning the language and translate this learning to practice enables the students to apply the theories taught in school. Researchers’ believe that the higher the level a student had in communications the greater opportunity they can achieve in terms of meeting people and most of all obtaining greater opportunity in getting a job.
Learning English is important. Focusing the factors that influence people in communication is just and proper for teachers to understand strategies that best work for their students. This research is interested in examining the interest, motivation and attitudes of students as contributors to the level of confidence in speaking English.
Significance
Many studies have been done to help the students gain their confidence but rare interventions have been proven to be effective. In St. Michael’s College, intensive promotion to speaking English has been done yet still a large numbers of the students are obviously have the difficulty. This study, aims to investigate the occurrence.
History
According to the research studies (Parr et al., 1992), students with better language proficiency can adjust to the foreign environment more easily. In this case those students who have known better language are those students having the full confidence in their self. Some researchers found out that it is within the attitude of the students that makes them having the hard time to learning English as well as speaking English too. For example, there were two main reasons for the non-participation of the students in a public speech program: one was that some students had lost interest in learning English when they were in high school, and the other was others lost hope in learning English due to their poor rudimentary knowledge,(Whitehead, 1989).
Stephen Kemmis and Robin McTaggart have said: "The linking of the terms action and research highlights the essential feature of the method: trying out ideas in practice as a means of improvement and as a means of increasing knowledge.... this means that teacher's words and actions influence students very much. If the teacher were too strict and serious, the students would lose their confidence, and not participate voluntarily in class discussion. Teaching the students patiently and kind will make them love the subject and everything involves in it. Including the basic grammatical structures needed for various fundamental tasks such as narrating, describing, explaining, inquiring, expressing agreement or disagreement, giving directions, expressing belief or disbelief, and formulating conditionality. It all helps the students to understand and improve their knowledge that they can practice on their own.
• Very Good. Congratulations. I have edited some of the grammatical errors.
• Where is your Definition of Terms? Provide the important definition of the terms that you will be using in your study. Attach it together with your 3rd draft.
• You may now proceed to the plan of work, expected results, and a draft copy of your research tools (survey questionnaires, Interview questionnaires, etc). I already gave the reference materials for you to be guided.
• This is your assignment to be submitted on January 22, 2008. Paperless please. Submit it here with your names and Research problem only.
Liezl D. Padua
Nodelyn E. Pabinguit
Level of confidence in speaking English
II. Abstract
In institution where the medium of instruction is English, conversational and written English are determinants in students’ performance in Higher Education. Although these two things should parallel each other, conversational English is considered the most important especially during job interviews, class participation, meetings, etc. This is the researchers’ basis in proposing this study. Researchers’ believe that the learners’ ability to speak in the target language is dependent on a number of factors which are not solely related to their knowledge of the language systems such as grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. Personality factors such as timidity or self-confidence play an important part, as do attitudinal factors such as perception of importance of speaking or dislike of making mistakes. While these are not directly assessed in the speaking test, they can affect students’ progress and improvement in developing their speaking skills. The point is, exploring this topic may help teachers to be aware of these factors and possibly address them in the class. This is a descriptive study with emphasis on testing the confidence level and perception of the students in speaking English.
III. Project Description
Purpose
In many testimonies, students in St. Michael’s College bear much anxiety and pressure while studying English. English is one of the languages most people in the whole world practice to communicate amidst the cultural differences. Learning the language and translate this learning to practice enables the students to apply the theories taught in school. Researchers’ believe that the higher the level a student had in communications the greater opportunity they can achieve in terms of meeting people and most of all obtaining greater opportunity in getting a job.
Learning English is important. Focusing the factors that influence people in communication is just and proper for teachers to understand strategies that best work for their students. This research is interested in examining the interest, motivation and attitudes of students as contributors to the level of confidence in speaking English.
Significance
Many studies have been done to help the students gain their confidence but rare interventions have been proven to be effective. In St. Michael’s College, intensive promotion to speaking English has been done yet still a large numbers of the students are obviously have the difficulty. This study, aims to investigate the occurrence.
History
According to the research studies (Parr et al., 1992), students with better language proficiency can adjust to the foreign environment more easily. In this case those students who have known better language are those students having the full confidence in their self. Some researchers found out that it is within the attitude of the students that makes them having the hard time to learning English as well as speaking English too. For example, there were two main reasons for the non-participation of the students in a public speech program: one was that some students had lost interest in learning English when they were in high school, and the other was others lost hope in learning English due to their poor rudimentary knowledge,(Whitehead, 1989).
Stephen Kemmis and Robin McTaggart have said: "The linking of the terms action and research highlights the essential feature of the method: trying out ideas in practice as a means of improvement and as a means of increasing knowledge.... this means that teacher's words and actions influence students very much. If the teacher were too strict and serious, the students would lose their confidence, and not participate voluntarily in class discussion. Teaching the students patiently and kind will make them love the subject and everything involves in it. Including the basic grammatical structures needed for various fundamental tasks such as narrating, describing, explaining, inquiring, expressing agreement or disagreement, giving directions, expressing belief or disbelief, and formulating conditionality. It all helps the students to understand and improve their knowledge that they can practice on their own.
• Very Good. Congratulations. I have edited some of the grammatical errors.
• Where is your Definition of Terms? Provide the important definition of the terms that you will be using in your study. Attach it together with your 3rd draft.
• You may now proceed to the plan of work, expected results, and a draft copy of your research tools (survey questionnaires, Interview questionnaires, etc). I already gave the reference materials for you to be guided.
• This is your assignment to be submitted on January 22, 2008. Paperless please. Submit it here with your names and Research problem only.
Approved 2nd Draft: Social Attributes as Factor on the Quality of Housekeeping Services in the Hotels of Iligan City
Lomansoc, Krystle Mae
Serino, Karen Ross Mae
Palaca Ronielyn
Social Attributes as Factor on the Quality of Housekeeping Services in the Hotels of Iligan City
II.Abstract:
No empirical studies are carried out to explore social attributes as a factor on the quality of housekeeping services of hotels in Iligan City. This research focuses on the hotel’s performance consisted of the services such as their housekeeping attitude towards attendance and politeness, staff’s level of abilities, knowledge, skills and experiences in transitional examination associated with the social attributes perceived by the tourists and potential tourists. It has been observed that social structure of an area is often equated to the services it can offer. For instance, perceptions that the hotel’s performances in cities like Iligan and Ozamis is unsatisfactory compared to metro cities in Mindanao. In addition, hotels here in Iligan City have an impression of low quality services not because of incomplete and not-so-modern technology or facilities but in the mere fact that it is located in a province. Measuring the services and performance of the hotels in Iligan is challenging due it is an untapped potential for the socio-economic development of the city of Iligan. This research emphasizes those establishments that only met the establishment standards of hotels in order to operate. This is a descriptive study that needs to conduct survey to gather the responses of tourists in order to test whether social attributes associated to Iligan can explain the performances of hotel more specially their housekeeping services.
III. Project Description:
A.Purpose
This project will identify social characteristics associated to Iligan City that significantly affect the housekeeping services in different hotels. Furthermore, the research will explore the relationship between social attributes and the quality of housekeeping services in Iligan City.
B.Significance
This study focuses on investigating the social attributes that affect the performance of services of all the hotels in Iligan. The view is that by focusing on social attributes as factor to the housekeeping services in the hotels of Iligan City, it would help us improve and develop hotels through marketing the good social image of the city. The development stakeholders will be guided in marketing the hotels of Iligan through appropriate marketing strategies guided by the information provided by this study.
As a student, this project is related to the course which will serve as an unleashing tool of the knowledge and talents in the field of Tourism and hospitality industry.
To SMC, this inquiry will have an enormous contribution especially to the HRM students for the reason that they will have a supplementary learning on what housekeeping really is. Furthermore, we expect that the possible outcome will be used for the betterment of the performances.
• Ok. Congratulations. You have passed the 2nd test.
• Where is your Definition of Terms? You need to define your operational terms, otherwise some might be confused. You attach the definition of with your 3rd draft.
• You may now proceed to the plan of work, expected results, and a draft copy of your research tools (FGD, survey questionnaires, etc). I already gave the reference materials for you to be guided.
• This is your assignment to be submitted on January 22, 2008. Paperless please. Submit it here with your names and Research problem only.
Serino, Karen Ross Mae
Palaca Ronielyn
Social Attributes as Factor on the Quality of Housekeeping Services in the Hotels of Iligan City
II.Abstract:
No empirical studies are carried out to explore social attributes as a factor on the quality of housekeeping services of hotels in Iligan City. This research focuses on the hotel’s performance consisted of the services such as their housekeeping attitude towards attendance and politeness, staff’s level of abilities, knowledge, skills and experiences in transitional examination associated with the social attributes perceived by the tourists and potential tourists. It has been observed that social structure of an area is often equated to the services it can offer. For instance, perceptions that the hotel’s performances in cities like Iligan and Ozamis is unsatisfactory compared to metro cities in Mindanao. In addition, hotels here in Iligan City have an impression of low quality services not because of incomplete and not-so-modern technology or facilities but in the mere fact that it is located in a province. Measuring the services and performance of the hotels in Iligan is challenging due it is an untapped potential for the socio-economic development of the city of Iligan. This research emphasizes those establishments that only met the establishment standards of hotels in order to operate. This is a descriptive study that needs to conduct survey to gather the responses of tourists in order to test whether social attributes associated to Iligan can explain the performances of hotel more specially their housekeeping services.
III. Project Description:
A.Purpose
This project will identify social characteristics associated to Iligan City that significantly affect the housekeeping services in different hotels. Furthermore, the research will explore the relationship between social attributes and the quality of housekeeping services in Iligan City.
B.Significance
This study focuses on investigating the social attributes that affect the performance of services of all the hotels in Iligan. The view is that by focusing on social attributes as factor to the housekeeping services in the hotels of Iligan City, it would help us improve and develop hotels through marketing the good social image of the city. The development stakeholders will be guided in marketing the hotels of Iligan through appropriate marketing strategies guided by the information provided by this study.
As a student, this project is related to the course which will serve as an unleashing tool of the knowledge and talents in the field of Tourism and hospitality industry.
To SMC, this inquiry will have an enormous contribution especially to the HRM students for the reason that they will have a supplementary learning on what housekeeping really is. Furthermore, we expect that the possible outcome will be used for the betterment of the performances.
• Ok. Congratulations. You have passed the 2nd test.
• Where is your Definition of Terms? You need to define your operational terms, otherwise some might be confused. You attach the definition of with your 3rd draft.
• You may now proceed to the plan of work, expected results, and a draft copy of your research tools (FGD, survey questionnaires, etc). I already gave the reference materials for you to be guided.
• This is your assignment to be submitted on January 22, 2008. Paperless please. Submit it here with your names and Research problem only.
Approved 2nd Draft: RESTORING THE TRADITIONAL ILIGANON CUISINES
RESTORING THE TRADITIONAL ILIGANON CUISINES
ABSTRACT
The history and evolution of Iliganon cuisine was said to have been shaped by economic, political, climatic, geographic, cultural, historic, religion and ethnic influences. With the growing population dominated by settlers with varying socio-economic profile, the influences that shaped Iliganon cuisine is affected. This however, is the researchers’ motivation to explore the traditional main dishes, desserts and specialties of Iliganon, and examine possible strategies to preserve and introduce this cuisine along with the global ones. This study will have to employ both qualitative and quantitative approach in research. A focus Group Discussion with Key Informants will have to be conducted to determine the cuisines to be subjected in this study. Moreover, a survey measuring the validity of some variables need to be conducted.
III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A. Purpose
This study aims to restore the Traditional Iliganon Cuisine. In the course of the study, the researchers seek to answer the following questions:
1. What are the cuisines…… will be classified according to type of dishes such as main dish, desserts and specialties.
2. How do these Iliganon cuisines differ from other cuisines?
3. What is the perceived link of the Iliganon Cuisines to the development of the City?
4. What is the descriptive profile of Iliganon in terms of religion, age, and food preferences?
5. ….you list other research questions that are interesting.
B. Significance
As a researcher who has participated in a number of researcher related to food and cuisines (really? How many?), this is a good study to enhance a better understanding, knowledge, skills and passion in different kinds of food, dishes and culinary procedures in the localized setting.
Cultural understanding among the fellow Iliganon will be aimed in the proposed study. This can motivate the teachers and students in restoring Iliganon Cuisines because they are directly in contact to tourism and hospitality industries. The basic premise of this study is the ability of the tourism and hospitality professionals to influence Iliganon food preferences and patronage through adoption and promotion.
There has been no conclusive study that explores the possibilities in promoting entrepreneurship, stimulating infrastructure investment, generating jobs and increasing our country’s foreign exchange through traditional Iliganon Cuisines. These are significant contributions to sustain the development of Iligan City and the Philippines as whole.
C. The Study and its Related Literature
The last century has produced enormous improvements in food production, preservation, storage and shipping. Today almost every locale in the world has access to not only its traditional cuisine, but also too many other world cuisines as well. New cuisines are constantly evolving, as certain aesthetic rise and fall in popularity among professional place and cities. (www.google.com)
“Food and Cuisine” are, after all part of a country’s history and cultures and we cannot detract from their social dimension. When it comes to food, people can be categorized into: 1) Those open to new ways and ideas and 2) Those who will always judge food based on what they grew up with their minds closed to any other versions. (Article in Code Red Magazine, 2007). (Culinary Institute of America)
===============link this statement to your research questions. You need to analyze the consequences both socio and economic factors. The categories of people you have mentioned is very interesting. At this point, my understanding is the traditional iliganon cuisines existence is determined in the management of these two categories. As such, those open to new ways and ideas will have to be strengthened by regularly bringing back the times of serving the traditional while still introducing the cuisines that are not Iliganons. Those closed to any changes and would not like to try Iliganon cuisines will now become the challenge of the HRM students and teachers to stimulate their interest to such.
In addition to food, Iliganon Cuisine may vary from different dishes like main dishes, desserts and specialties. Two famous specialties are the “Pinakurat” as tapa or kilawin and Chedings Peanut. In desserts, “binaki”, “suman ibus”, “suman balanghoy” are some known desserts in Iligan City. Furthermore, Iliganon Cuisine is said to have been remained its ethnicity, native ingredients and peculiar cooking methods. (www.yahoo.com) =============where is your main dishes?
This proposed study gauges from the results mentioned above. Profiling the Traditional Iliganon Cuisines deemed to show uniqueness and honorability of proposing this subject.
======The output you have submitted has no difference with the one you have submitted earlier. I am monitoring your progress. Incorporate the idea that I will be proposing.
======Where is your Definition of Terms? In a separate sheet, you provide the terms that you will be using in your study. Attach it together with your 3rd draft.
======Ok…you need to improve and sharpen your thoughts. I have written some points for you to consider. You may now proceed to the plan of work, expected results, and a draft copy of your research tools (FGD and survey questionnaires). I already gave the reference materials for you to be guided.
======This is your assignment to be submitted on January 22, 2008. Paperless please. Submit it here with your names and Research problem only.
ABSTRACT
The history and evolution of Iliganon cuisine was said to have been shaped by economic, political, climatic, geographic, cultural, historic, religion and ethnic influences. With the growing population dominated by settlers with varying socio-economic profile, the influences that shaped Iliganon cuisine is affected. This however, is the researchers’ motivation to explore the traditional main dishes, desserts and specialties of Iliganon, and examine possible strategies to preserve and introduce this cuisine along with the global ones. This study will have to employ both qualitative and quantitative approach in research. A focus Group Discussion with Key Informants will have to be conducted to determine the cuisines to be subjected in this study. Moreover, a survey measuring the validity of some variables need to be conducted.
III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A. Purpose
This study aims to restore the Traditional Iliganon Cuisine. In the course of the study, the researchers seek to answer the following questions:
1. What are the cuisines…… will be classified according to type of dishes such as main dish, desserts and specialties.
2. How do these Iliganon cuisines differ from other cuisines?
3. What is the perceived link of the Iliganon Cuisines to the development of the City?
4. What is the descriptive profile of Iliganon in terms of religion, age, and food preferences?
5. ….you list other research questions that are interesting.
B. Significance
As a researcher who has participated in a number of researcher related to food and cuisines (really? How many?), this is a good study to enhance a better understanding, knowledge, skills and passion in different kinds of food, dishes and culinary procedures in the localized setting.
Cultural understanding among the fellow Iliganon will be aimed in the proposed study. This can motivate the teachers and students in restoring Iliganon Cuisines because they are directly in contact to tourism and hospitality industries. The basic premise of this study is the ability of the tourism and hospitality professionals to influence Iliganon food preferences and patronage through adoption and promotion.
There has been no conclusive study that explores the possibilities in promoting entrepreneurship, stimulating infrastructure investment, generating jobs and increasing our country’s foreign exchange through traditional Iliganon Cuisines. These are significant contributions to sustain the development of Iligan City and the Philippines as whole.
C. The Study and its Related Literature
The last century has produced enormous improvements in food production, preservation, storage and shipping. Today almost every locale in the world has access to not only its traditional cuisine, but also too many other world cuisines as well. New cuisines are constantly evolving, as certain aesthetic rise and fall in popularity among professional place and cities. (www.google.com)
“Food and Cuisine” are, after all part of a country’s history and cultures and we cannot detract from their social dimension. When it comes to food, people can be categorized into: 1) Those open to new ways and ideas and 2) Those who will always judge food based on what they grew up with their minds closed to any other versions. (Article in Code Red Magazine, 2007). (Culinary Institute of America)
===============link this statement to your research questions. You need to analyze the consequences both socio and economic factors. The categories of people you have mentioned is very interesting. At this point, my understanding is the traditional iliganon cuisines existence is determined in the management of these two categories. As such, those open to new ways and ideas will have to be strengthened by regularly bringing back the times of serving the traditional while still introducing the cuisines that are not Iliganons. Those closed to any changes and would not like to try Iliganon cuisines will now become the challenge of the HRM students and teachers to stimulate their interest to such.
In addition to food, Iliganon Cuisine may vary from different dishes like main dishes, desserts and specialties. Two famous specialties are the “Pinakurat” as tapa or kilawin and Chedings Peanut. In desserts, “binaki”, “suman ibus”, “suman balanghoy” are some known desserts in Iligan City. Furthermore, Iliganon Cuisine is said to have been remained its ethnicity, native ingredients and peculiar cooking methods. (www.yahoo.com) =============where is your main dishes?
This proposed study gauges from the results mentioned above. Profiling the Traditional Iliganon Cuisines deemed to show uniqueness and honorability of proposing this subject.
======The output you have submitted has no difference with the one you have submitted earlier. I am monitoring your progress. Incorporate the idea that I will be proposing.
======Where is your Definition of Terms? In a separate sheet, you provide the terms that you will be using in your study. Attach it together with your 3rd draft.
======Ok…you need to improve and sharpen your thoughts. I have written some points for you to consider. You may now proceed to the plan of work, expected results, and a draft copy of your research tools (FGD and survey questionnaires). I already gave the reference materials for you to be guided.
======This is your assignment to be submitted on January 22, 2008. Paperless please. Submit it here with your names and Research problem only.
SMC: Pre-final Instructions
I would like to congratulate the students who have passed the Midterm Examination I gave a week ago. So you see, its easy. If you really use your brain, you can make a difference. I dont believe that you guys and gals are brainless. You just dont know how to use it to the fullest of your ability. I already told you, one cannot pass my class if you will not use your head.
Anyway, the idea here is not to ridicule the class but to present two important points that I think necessary for the class. First, from time to time, I'll be posting poll of questions located at the upper right of this site. Those questions are relevant to our class for two reasons: (1) this is a good venue for knowing your interest and my interest and (2) an evaluation on my part and your part. If you see a poll posted in the site, answer the question as honest as you can. There were 48 students enrolled in this class, and so I expect 48 votes to complete the poll. This will be formed part of your grade because I will be considering this as your Interactive Activities. Meaning, a total votes divided by 48 times 100% will automatically the class Interactive Activity Grade. I hope I made this instruction very clear.
Second point is, most of you had submitted and somewhat completed the first and second part of the Thesis proposal. Now, we only have 6 weeks to complete the course requirement and thus will determine your final grade. And so, I will not wait the other groups to complete their first and second part of the proposal. Those groups who have my approval to start the next round will have to proceed with the plan of work, expected results, and the formulation of their tools. This will be submitted on January 22, 2008. Research tools will have to be submitted in paper, not here. For those who were late, you better catch the deadline.
One more thing, all corrected output will be posted in this site three (3) working days from the time you submitted your work. And so you must regularly visit this blogsite to check whether your work has been returned or not. YOUR 3RD DRAFT, EXCEPT RESEARCH TOOLS, MUST BE POSTED AS COMMENT TO THIS BLOG.
Goodluck and more power.
Anyway, the idea here is not to ridicule the class but to present two important points that I think necessary for the class. First, from time to time, I'll be posting poll of questions located at the upper right of this site. Those questions are relevant to our class for two reasons: (1) this is a good venue for knowing your interest and my interest and (2) an evaluation on my part and your part. If you see a poll posted in the site, answer the question as honest as you can. There were 48 students enrolled in this class, and so I expect 48 votes to complete the poll. This will be formed part of your grade because I will be considering this as your Interactive Activities. Meaning, a total votes divided by 48 times 100% will automatically the class Interactive Activity Grade. I hope I made this instruction very clear.
Second point is, most of you had submitted and somewhat completed the first and second part of the Thesis proposal. Now, we only have 6 weeks to complete the course requirement and thus will determine your final grade. And so, I will not wait the other groups to complete their first and second part of the proposal. Those groups who have my approval to start the next round will have to proceed with the plan of work, expected results, and the formulation of their tools. This will be submitted on January 22, 2008. Research tools will have to be submitted in paper, not here. For those who were late, you better catch the deadline.
One more thing, all corrected output will be posted in this site three (3) working days from the time you submitted your work. And so you must regularly visit this blogsite to check whether your work has been returned or not. YOUR 3RD DRAFT, EXCEPT RESEARCH TOOLS, MUST BE POSTED AS COMMENT TO THIS BLOG.
Goodluck and more power.
Sunday, January 13, 2008
Writing your report for readers
As observed, many of you had the difficulty submitting your 1st draft research proposal due to your inability to present and write a logical research questions. As I've mentioned, research is logic. And to be good in logic, you need to be a critical thinker to be good in research.
Anyway, I've presented two important issues for you to think. First, your inability to construct a logical research statements which I doubt if you can learn that in one minute. Development is a process and if you intend to learn logic, you better start it now. Second, you inability to write you thoughts and this is I think critical because your output is your written report.
I will have to cling and discuss more of writing your report technically for technical and non-technical readers. Often, you are misguided with the difference between feature and technical writing. What I asked you to write is the technical report and not a feature report. Most of you submitted the latter.
Good technical reports don't just happen. They are "designed". Their design may be learned and that knowledge can be applied in your everyday work in the same way as you apply your other technical skills. We cannot all be William Shakespeare or Ernest Hemingway, but it is possible to acquire enough writing skill to write simple, declarative sentences and readable reports. Subjects you know about, you can also learn to write about. That is the reason why you have to take major subjects prior to writing your thesis.
The first step that you need to take to be an effective technical writer is to know your audience. In our case, some of your would-be panelists are not directly related to HRM which means that they are not technically knowledgeable in your reseach topic. And so, you must artistically translate the technical terms and statements in simple and declarative sentences.
One of your tasks, as technical writer, is to provide whatever information may be missing so that your readers will understand your message. You have to do some guessing in this because you may not know all of the people who will read your report. If in doubt, it is best to include a little more information rather than a little less. This must be done carefully so that you don't insult your readers by implying that they are more ignorant than they are. In general though, the wider the range of knowledge among your audiences, the more basic information you will need to include.
Each of your readers will use your report in a somewhat different way. For example, the Finance Director needs budget figures so that he knows how your proposal may affect the rest of the organization. A City Councilor will look for the political effects of the plan you propose. A Regulatory Agency reviewer may be expected to look for compliance with existing rules.
For each main audience group, ask yourself how they may use your report. If the subject of the report is at all controversial, then you must also anticipate that some audience members who oppose your plan may attempt to use your report against you. Knowing that in advance is a great advantage and allows you to anticipate that criticism and include answers to those objections in the report.
Most of us have prejudices of some kind or another. If you've worked with your current boss for a long time you probably know some things he/she likes and some things he/she doesn't like. For example, you might know that the boss doesn't like complicated solutions but prefers simpler ideas. Knowing that tells you clearly how you must fashion your report to gain approval. If you have a choice, a simpler solution to the problem is more likely to win favor. If you don't have a choice; i.e., if you can't find a simple solution, then you will want to point that out in the report and explain why you can't present a simple answer to the technical question.
Apart from their personal preferences, each of your readers will have concerns that relate to their jobs. Some are obvious such as, Production Managers, Finance Directors, Regulatory Specialists, etc. Your report must address their concerns if those audience members are in the decision making loop. Ignoring any legitimate concern of this kind will ensure that your report will either not be approved or worse yet, if approved, will not be supported and implemented by some important members of the team.
Finally, it is human nature for each of us to look at any proposal from our own selfish point of view. Many people view change as threatening. Suggestions to change the way things have been done for a long time will almost always meet resistance, especially from those who may have a career interest in keeping things the way they are. Be alert to these feelings as you write your report. Be certain that when you do recommend change that it is really necessary or desirable. If you are convinced that it is, then ask yourself, who will resist it? Then be prepared to offer those who might be opposed some reasons to support the change so that it will be less threatening to them.
No matter how widely varied your audiences' interests are there are two things everyone of them may be expected to understand. These are time and money. Your report must answer these two basic questions for every reader. They should know what your idea will cost and how long will take to accomplish.
So you must analyze your reader. The idea above is simple if you start it now. The next blog I will be discussing is framing a good technical problem. You read it and compare the statements you have submitted.
Anyway, I've presented two important issues for you to think. First, your inability to construct a logical research statements which I doubt if you can learn that in one minute. Development is a process and if you intend to learn logic, you better start it now. Second, you inability to write you thoughts and this is I think critical because your output is your written report.
I will have to cling and discuss more of writing your report technically for technical and non-technical readers. Often, you are misguided with the difference between feature and technical writing. What I asked you to write is the technical report and not a feature report. Most of you submitted the latter.
Good technical reports don't just happen. They are "designed". Their design may be learned and that knowledge can be applied in your everyday work in the same way as you apply your other technical skills. We cannot all be William Shakespeare or Ernest Hemingway, but it is possible to acquire enough writing skill to write simple, declarative sentences and readable reports. Subjects you know about, you can also learn to write about. That is the reason why you have to take major subjects prior to writing your thesis.
The first step that you need to take to be an effective technical writer is to know your audience. In our case, some of your would-be panelists are not directly related to HRM which means that they are not technically knowledgeable in your reseach topic. And so, you must artistically translate the technical terms and statements in simple and declarative sentences.
One of your tasks, as technical writer, is to provide whatever information may be missing so that your readers will understand your message. You have to do some guessing in this because you may not know all of the people who will read your report. If in doubt, it is best to include a little more information rather than a little less. This must be done carefully so that you don't insult your readers by implying that they are more ignorant than they are. In general though, the wider the range of knowledge among your audiences, the more basic information you will need to include.
Each of your readers will use your report in a somewhat different way. For example, the Finance Director needs budget figures so that he knows how your proposal may affect the rest of the organization. A City Councilor will look for the political effects of the plan you propose. A Regulatory Agency reviewer may be expected to look for compliance with existing rules.
For each main audience group, ask yourself how they may use your report. If the subject of the report is at all controversial, then you must also anticipate that some audience members who oppose your plan may attempt to use your report against you. Knowing that in advance is a great advantage and allows you to anticipate that criticism and include answers to those objections in the report.
Most of us have prejudices of some kind or another. If you've worked with your current boss for a long time you probably know some things he/she likes and some things he/she doesn't like. For example, you might know that the boss doesn't like complicated solutions but prefers simpler ideas. Knowing that tells you clearly how you must fashion your report to gain approval. If you have a choice, a simpler solution to the problem is more likely to win favor. If you don't have a choice; i.e., if you can't find a simple solution, then you will want to point that out in the report and explain why you can't present a simple answer to the technical question.
Apart from their personal preferences, each of your readers will have concerns that relate to their jobs. Some are obvious such as, Production Managers, Finance Directors, Regulatory Specialists, etc. Your report must address their concerns if those audience members are in the decision making loop. Ignoring any legitimate concern of this kind will ensure that your report will either not be approved or worse yet, if approved, will not be supported and implemented by some important members of the team.
Finally, it is human nature for each of us to look at any proposal from our own selfish point of view. Many people view change as threatening. Suggestions to change the way things have been done for a long time will almost always meet resistance, especially from those who may have a career interest in keeping things the way they are. Be alert to these feelings as you write your report. Be certain that when you do recommend change that it is really necessary or desirable. If you are convinced that it is, then ask yourself, who will resist it? Then be prepared to offer those who might be opposed some reasons to support the change so that it will be less threatening to them.
No matter how widely varied your audiences' interests are there are two things everyone of them may be expected to understand. These are time and money. Your report must answer these two basic questions for every reader. They should know what your idea will cost and how long will take to accomplish.
So you must analyze your reader. The idea above is simple if you start it now. The next blog I will be discussing is framing a good technical problem. You read it and compare the statements you have submitted.
The problem and the writer
Though you are still students, we cannot escape the fact that you will be graduating and will most likely engage in managerial positions that require you to make technical reports. As mentioned, in any research work you need to begin in the formulation of your research problem.
In this case, your first task will usually be to define the problem to be solved. It has been said that a clear, unambiguous problem statement is three quarters of the solution. Early in the report you must let your reader know what those problems are. Is the report intended merely to describe some factual situation or, as is more likely, is it intended to influence someone to do something?
Often the simplest way to begin is with the lowly list. On a piece of paper begin listing the problems to be solved as you understand them. Don't be too critical at this stage of the process. Don't be overwhelmed with hatred (if you have it) or any intense feeling. Stick on with objectivity rather than subjectivity. Your aim here is to simply get these ideas down on paper so you can refine them later. List all the problems you think might need to be addressed in your report but don't worry about how, or even if, you can solve them.
Once you're out of ideas and satisfied that you've identified most of the problems, begin editing them. See if you can eliminate some first. Are some of the things you've listed unimportant? Are some beyond what you were originally asked to do? Are some so difficult that you can't hope to solve them within the budget and time constraints of this project? If so, eliminate those and see what you're left with.
Now prioritize the remaining problems putting the most important first and secondary or minor problems last. The last, and most difficult step comes now. Try to state each problem as precisely, but as generally as you can. It is important that you state the problem in the broadest possible terms at this early stage in the process so that you don't cut yourself off from possible solutions or fail to investigate promising, though unlikely, alternatives.
You, as technical writer, have a second equally, important job in defining the rhetorical purpose of your report, and each of its parts.
Ask your self first, Why Write This Report? The reasons will usually fall into the following general categories:
· To Persuade or Cause Change
· To Inform or Report Results
· To Support a Decision to be Reached
· To Obtain Funding or Support for Future Work or Research
From these, select the one that best describes the most important reason you are writing. That will be the basis of your rhetorical problem statement which should appear early in your report and in any cover document you use to transmit it. Remember that your reader wants to know first, Why Should I take My Valuable Time to Read this Report? Unless you give him/her an acceptable answer your report will not be read, period.
Unless, and until, you have defined both the technical problems to be solved and the rhetorical reason you are writing the report you can't answer such questions as; what am I doing, why am I doing this, how am I going to do this, and how will I convince others that what I have done is worthwhile ?
In this case, your first task will usually be to define the problem to be solved. It has been said that a clear, unambiguous problem statement is three quarters of the solution. Early in the report you must let your reader know what those problems are. Is the report intended merely to describe some factual situation or, as is more likely, is it intended to influence someone to do something?
Often the simplest way to begin is with the lowly list. On a piece of paper begin listing the problems to be solved as you understand them. Don't be too critical at this stage of the process. Don't be overwhelmed with hatred (if you have it) or any intense feeling. Stick on with objectivity rather than subjectivity. Your aim here is to simply get these ideas down on paper so you can refine them later. List all the problems you think might need to be addressed in your report but don't worry about how, or even if, you can solve them.
Once you're out of ideas and satisfied that you've identified most of the problems, begin editing them. See if you can eliminate some first. Are some of the things you've listed unimportant? Are some beyond what you were originally asked to do? Are some so difficult that you can't hope to solve them within the budget and time constraints of this project? If so, eliminate those and see what you're left with.
Now prioritize the remaining problems putting the most important first and secondary or minor problems last. The last, and most difficult step comes now. Try to state each problem as precisely, but as generally as you can. It is important that you state the problem in the broadest possible terms at this early stage in the process so that you don't cut yourself off from possible solutions or fail to investigate promising, though unlikely, alternatives.
You, as technical writer, have a second equally, important job in defining the rhetorical purpose of your report, and each of its parts.
Ask your self first, Why Write This Report? The reasons will usually fall into the following general categories:
· To Persuade or Cause Change
· To Inform or Report Results
· To Support a Decision to be Reached
· To Obtain Funding or Support for Future Work or Research
From these, select the one that best describes the most important reason you are writing. That will be the basis of your rhetorical problem statement which should appear early in your report and in any cover document you use to transmit it. Remember that your reader wants to know first, Why Should I take My Valuable Time to Read this Report? Unless you give him/her an acceptable answer your report will not be read, period.
Unless, and until, you have defined both the technical problems to be solved and the rhetorical reason you are writing the report you can't answer such questions as; what am I doing, why am I doing this, how am I going to do this, and how will I convince others that what I have done is worthwhile ?
Friday, January 11, 2008
Writing the Research Report
As observed, most of you find the requirement difficult for two important reasons: (1) You are too disturbed in framing a good reasoning; and (2) You cannot write your idea into sensible sentences. Let me tell you that Methods of Research (this subject) will not discuss any of the basic rather the application of the learning you suppose to learn in basic education. This is to tell you that you will have to triple your time to catch up what you missed.
Writing a research report is not about feature writing. Technical terms which are artistically defined should be used. Adjectives that describe the noun such as beautiful lady, extraordinary food, etc. should be avoided. I think you need to learn the difference of the two. Again, you need to take time in reading and learning the things you've missed.
I highly recommend to read technical writing book/s or those research output of the graduate school from Ateneo, La Salle, and state universities like UP and IIT. Get updated with my blogs because I will discuss Writing Technical Report.
Writing a research report is not about feature writing. Technical terms which are artistically defined should be used. Adjectives that describe the noun such as beautiful lady, extraordinary food, etc. should be avoided. I think you need to learn the difference of the two. Again, you need to take time in reading and learning the things you've missed.
I highly recommend to read technical writing book/s or those research output of the graduate school from Ateneo, La Salle, and state universities like UP and IIT. Get updated with my blogs because I will discuss Writing Technical Report.
Wednesday, January 9, 2008
Deduction & Induction
In logic, we often refer to the two broad methods of reasoning as the deductive and inductive approaches.
Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. We might begin with thinking up a theory about our topic of interest. We then narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that we can test. We narrow down even further when we collect observations to address the hypotheses. This ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation (or not) of our original theories.
Inductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. Informally, we sometimes call this a "bottom up" approach (please note that it's "bottom up" and not "bottoms up" which is the kind of thing the bartender says to customers when he's trying to close for the night!). In inductive reasoning, we begin with specific observations and measures, begin to detect patterns and regularities, formulate some tentative hypotheses that we can explore, and finally end up developing some general conclusions or theories.
These two methods of reasoning have a very different "feel" to them when you're conducting research. Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning. Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses. Even though a particular study may look like it's purely deductive (e.g., an experiment designed to test the hypothesized effects of some treatment on some outcome), most social research involves both inductive and deductive reasoning processes at some time in the project. In fact, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to see that we could assemble the two graphs above into a single circular one that continually cycles from theories down to observations and back up again to theories. Even in the most constrained experiment, the researchers may observe patterns in the data that lead them to develop new theories.
Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. We might begin with thinking up a theory about our topic of interest. We then narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that we can test. We narrow down even further when we collect observations to address the hypotheses. This ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation (or not) of our original theories.
Inductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. Informally, we sometimes call this a "bottom up" approach (please note that it's "bottom up" and not "bottoms up" which is the kind of thing the bartender says to customers when he's trying to close for the night!). In inductive reasoning, we begin with specific observations and measures, begin to detect patterns and regularities, formulate some tentative hypotheses that we can explore, and finally end up developing some general conclusions or theories.
These two methods of reasoning have a very different "feel" to them when you're conducting research. Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning. Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses. Even though a particular study may look like it's purely deductive (e.g., an experiment designed to test the hypothesized effects of some treatment on some outcome), most social research involves both inductive and deductive reasoning processes at some time in the project. In fact, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to see that we could assemble the two graphs above into a single circular one that continually cycles from theories down to observations and back up again to theories. Even in the most constrained experiment, the researchers may observe patterns in the data that lead them to develop new theories.
Structure of Research
Most research projects share the same general structure. You might think of this structure as following the shape of an hourglass. The research process usually starts with a broad area of interest, the initial problem that the researcher wishes to study. For instance, the researcher could be interested in how to use computers to improve the performance of students in mathematics. But this initial interest is far too broad to study in any single research project (it might not even be addressable in a lifetime of research). The researcher has to narrow the question down to one that can reasonably be studied in a research project. This might involve formulating a hypothesis or a focus question. For instance, the researcher might hypothesize that a particular method of computer instruction in math will improve the ability of elementary school students in a specific district. At the narrowest point of the research hourglass, the researcher is engaged in direct measurement or observation of the question of interest.
Once the basic data is collected, the researcher begins to try to understand it, usually by analyzing it in a variety of ways. Even for a single hypothesis there are a number of analyses a researcher might typically conduct. At this point, the researcher begins to formulate some initial conclusions about what happened as a result of the computerized math program. Finally, the researcher often will attempt to address the original broad question of interest by generalizing from the results of this specific study to other related situations. For instance, on the basis of strong results indicating that the math program had a positive effect on student performance, the researcher might conclude that other school districts similar to the one in the study might expect similar results.
Components of a Study
What are the basic components or parts of a research study? Here, we'll describe the basic components involved in a causal study. Because causal studies presuppose descriptive and relational questions, many of the components of causal studies will also be found in those others.
Most social research originates from some general problem or question. You might, for instance, be interested in what programs enable the unemployed to get jobs. Usually, the problem is broad enough that you could not hope to address it adequately in a single research study. Consequently, we typically narrow the problem down to a more specific research question that we can hope to address. The research question is often stated in the context of some theory that has been advanced to address the problem. For instance, we might have the theory that ongoing support services are needed to assure that the newly employed remain employed. The research question is the central issue being addressed in the study and is often phrased in the language of theory. For instance, a research question might be:
Is a program of supported employment more effective (than no program at all) at keeping newly employed persons on the job?
The problem with such a question is that it is still too general to be studied directly. Consequently, in most research we develop an even more specific statement, called an hypothesis that describes in operational terms exactly what we think will happen in the study. For instance, the hypothesis for our employment study might be something like:
The Metropolitan Supported Employment Program will significantly increase rates of employment after six months for persons who are newly employed (after being out of work for at least one year) compared with persons who receive no comparable program.
Notice that this hypothesis is specific enough that a reader can understand quite well what the study is trying to assess.
In causal studies, we have at least two major variables of interest, the cause and the effect. Usually the cause is some type of event, program, or treatment. We make a distinction between causes that the researcher can control (such as a program) versus causes that occur naturally or outside the researcher's influence (such as a change in interest rates, or the occurrence of an earthquake). The effect is the outcome that you wish to study. For both the cause and effect we make a distinction between our idea of them (the construct) and how they are actually manifested in reality. For instance, when we think about what a program of support services for the newly employed might be, we are thinking of the "construct". On the other hand, the real world is not always what we think it is. In research, we remind ourselves of this by distinguishing our view of an entity (the construct) from the entity as it exists (the operationalization). Ideally, we would like the two to agree.
Social research is always conducted in a social context. We ask people questions, or observe families interacting, or measure the opinions of people in a city. An important component of a research project is the units that participate in the project. Units are directly related to the question of sampling. In most projects we cannot involve all of the people we might like to involve. For instance, in studying a program of support services for the newly employed we can't possibly include in our study everyone in the world, or even in the country, who is newly employed. Instead, we have to try to obtain a representative sample of such people. When sampling, we make a distinction between the theoretical population of interest to our study and the final sample that we actually measure in our study. Usually the term "units" refers to the people that we sample and from whom we gather information. But for some projects the units are organizations, groups, or geographical entities like cities or towns. Sometimes our sampling strategy is multi-level: we sample a number of cities and within them sample families.
In causal studies, we are interested in the effects of some cause on one or more outcomes. The outcomes are directly related to the research problem -- we are usually most interested in outcomes that are most reflective of the problem. In our hypothetical supported employment study, we would probably be most interested in measures of employment -- is the person currently employed, or, what is their rate of absenteeism.
Finally, in a causal study we usually are comparing the effects of our cause of interest (e.g., the program) relative to other conditions (e.g., another program or no program at all). Thus, a key component in a causal study concerns how we decide what units (e.g., people) receive our program and which are placed in an alternative condition. This issue is directly related to the research design that we use in the study. One of the central questions in research design is determining how people wind up in or are placed in various programs or treatments that we are comparing.
These, then, are the major components in a causal study:
- The Research Problem
- The Research Question
- The Program (Cause)
- The Units
- The Outcomes (Effect)
- The Design
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